专业群建设视域下我国两次大规模“院系调整”的比较与启示

专业群是将服务同一产业链的3个及以上关联专业进行统筹管理、整体建设,旨在使高校能主动适应地方产业需求,将为地方经济发展服务落实到实处。从专业群建设的视角审视我国20世纪50年代与20世纪90年代两次大规模高等学校院系调整,可以史为鉴。前一次院系调整基于计划经济、苏联模式、自上而下,推动了高等教育的专业化发展,后一次院系基于市场经济、欧美模式、上下结合,促进了高等教育的综合化发展。两次大规模院系调整从目的、过程以及结果等方面均有关联与差异,历史的经验告诉我们,在我国高等教育改革的过程中需要做到:国家目标与大学价值通盘考虑、专业化与综合化均衡发展、通才教育与专才教育充分结合、公办教育与民办教育同等重要。

The professional group is to carry out overall management and overall construction of 3 or more related specialties ofthe same industrial chain. The aim is to make the universities adapt to the local industry needs actively and carry out the local economic development service to the real place. From the perspective of professional group construction, we can examine the two large-scale colleges and universities＇ adjustment in 1950s and 1990s. The previous adjustment of the Department was based on the plannedeconomy, the Soviet model and top-down, which promoted the professional development of higher education. The latter department,based on the market economy, the European and American model and the combination of the upper and lower levels, promoted thecomprehensive development of higher education. The two large-scale adjustment of the college and department from the purpose, theprocess and the results and other aspects are related and different. The historical experience tells us that in the process of higher education reform in China, we need to do it： the overall consideration of the national goal and the university value, the professionalization and the comprehensive and balanced development, the full integration of the general education and the special education, andthe public. It is equally important to run education and private education.