多维度共情测验的编制及信效度分析

The multifaceted empathy test scale:development,reliability and validity

目的编制多维度共情测验(MET)并检测其信效度。方法根据共情的理论研究,以文献研究为基础,结合我国研究共情的现状,经专家小组讨论和甄选编制出最初版本的MET。选取安徽省某高校在校大学生601例进行评估施测,采用中文版人际指针IRI-C量表作为效标,选取84例被试间隔4周后重测,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 MET测验由40张贴近生活的各种不同情绪图片组成,其中20张积极图片(男10例,女10例),20张消极图片(男10例,女10例)。MET测验的每一个项目得分与题目总分相关,相关系数介于0.189~0.735(P<0.01),同时,MET每一项目均具有较好的区分度(P<0.001)。MET认知共情维度、情感共情维度的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.714、0.953,重测信度分别为0.846、0.802,分半信度介于0.630~0.926;MET的认知共情维度与中文版人际指针IRIC的观点采择因子相关(r=0.140,P<0.01),情感共情维度与IRI-C的共情性关心因子存在相关性(r=0.157,P<0.01)。结论 MET具有较好的信效度,适合中国人群使用,并能很好地区分认知共情和情感共情。

Objective To develop the testing of multifaceted empathy test and verify its reliability and validity.Methods According to the theory of empathy,the current situation of national study and the previous literature,the initial version of MET was based on the expert group discussion.The sample comprised 601 students from a university in Anhui province.The IRI-C was used as its criterion of validity,then 84 students participated in the retest4 weeks later.Results The testing consisted of 40 photographs,including 20 of positive emotional valence（10 of males,10 of females） and 20 of negative emotional valence（10 of males,10 of females）.All photographs depicted people in emotionally charged situations.Each item was significantly correlated with the while scales（r=0.189 ~0.735,P0.01）,high and low groups were significantly different in all the 40 items,indicating that the MET had good differentiation degree（P0.001）.The Cronbach＇s α of the cognitive empathy and emotional empathy of MET were 0.714 and 0.953,and the test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.846 and 0.802 respectively,Split-half reliability was between 0.630 ~ 0.926.The MET＇s cognitive scale was positively correlated with the cognitive scale of the IRI-C（r=0.140,P0.01）.In addition,the MET＇s emotional scale was positively correlated with the emotional scale of the IRI-C（r=0.157,P0.01）,which would provide support for the validity of the MET.Conclusion MET is featured with satisfied reliability and validity and could easily differentiate between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy,which is a suitable tool for Chinese people.