中国生态文学的发展及其形态特征

The Development and Morphological Character of Chinese Eco-literature

生态文学是20世纪以来中国当代文学的新型题材,它凸显了鲜明的环保理念和生命伦理精神,具有强烈的忧患意识和现实批判精神。梳理了中国生态文学的发展脉络和形态特征,贾平凹、叶广芩的秦岭生态文学,红柯、温亚军、刘亮程的新疆系列,郭雪波、姜戎的内蒙草原小说系列,青藏高原系列(杜光辉的可可西里小说、杨志军的藏獒系列、昌耀的青海诗歌、马丽华的西藏作品),方敏、于坚的云南生态文学,王志安的巴蜀生态文学等呈现出板块差异,又有共同点。他们张扬环保意识与生态责任、呼唤人与自然的和谐发展、尊重其他物种的生存权利、寻找人类的精神归宿,是当代文学重要的题材类型。

Ecological literature is a new theme of Chinese contemporary literature since the 20 th century. It highlights the environmental protection concept and bioethical spirit with strong consciousness of hardship and profound realistic critical spirit. This paper reviews the development and morphological character of Chinese eco-literature,including Jia Pingwa and Ye Guangqin＇s Qinling Mountains Literature; Hong Ke,Wen Yajun and Liu Liangcheng＇s Xinjiang Grassland Series; Guo Xuebo＇s Horqin Sandland Novel; Jiang Rong＇s Inner Mongolia Grassland Novel;Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Series,such as Du Guanghui＇s Hoh Xil Novel,Yang Zhijun＇s Tibetan Mastiff Series,Chang Yao＇s Qinghai poetry and Ma Lihua＇s Tibetan poetry; Fang Min and Yu Jian＇s Yunnan Ecological Literature; Wang Zhian＇s Bashu Ecological Literature,etc. All of them represent individual differences and share common points.The writers advocate environmental awareness and ecological responsibility,call for the harmonious development of man and nature,respect the survival rights of other species,and find the spiritual home of human beings,which has finally made the ecological literature become an important type of Chinese contemporary literature.