上海高龄悬空老年人生活满意度影响因素分析——以上海市静安区高龄悬空老年人为基础

Analysis of the Determinants of Life Satisfaction among Elderly People Living in High Buildings without Elevators in Shanghai City:a Survey in the Jing'an District of Shanghai City

目的调查上海市静安区高龄悬空老年人生活满意度的影响因素。方法 2017年3月采用随机抽样法抽取上海市静安区临汾路街道、彭浦新村街道和彭浦镇高龄(年龄≥80岁)悬空老年人224例为调查对象,并进行入户问卷调查。调查问卷自行设计,主要包括:生活满意度、基本情况、健康状况、生活状况、对医疗服务评价、每周感到孤独时间。分析高龄悬空老年人生活满意度的影响因素。结果共发放调查问卷224份,回收有效问卷218份,有效回收率97.3%。高龄悬空老年人的生活满意度以一般为主(占39.0%)。不同居住情况、自评健康状况、慢性病患病种数、自评视力状况、自评听力状况、生活起居情况、下楼活动能力、护理服务使用经济压力、护理服务使用评价、每周感到孤独时间高龄悬空老年人生活满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,自评健康状况、自评视力状况、生活起居情况、下楼活动能力、护理服务使用经济压力、每周感到孤独时间是高龄悬空老年人生活满意度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄悬空老年人生活满意度不佳,且自评健康状况、自评视力状况、生活起居情况、下楼活动能力、护理服务使用经济压力、每周感到孤独时间是高龄悬空老年人生活满意度的影响因素,这对于进一步完善高龄悬空老年人护理服务、生活服务等社会政策具有重要价值。

Objective To identify factors influencing life satisfaction among elderly people who live in high buildings without elevatorsin the Jingan District of Shanghai City.Methods In March 2017,224 elderly people（ ≥ 80 years of age）living in high buildings without elevators on Linfen Road,Pengpu New Village and Pengpu Town of the Jing＇an District of Shanghai City were randomly selected as study subjects to complete a questionnaire.The questionnaire was self-designed and covered items,such as life satisfaction,general information,health status,living conditions,acknowledgment of nursing service,and alone time per week.Factors which potentially affected the life satisfaction of the subjects were analyzed.ResultsA total of 224 questionnaires were distributed and 218 valid questionnaires were recovered,for a valid recovery rate of 97.3%.The respondents who rated their life satisfaction as ＂OK（neither satisfied nor dissatisfied）＂ accounted for the greatest percentage of study subjects（39.0%）.Satisfaction in the respondents with different living conditions,self-rated health status,number of chronic diseases,self-rated visual acuity and hearing,living status,ability to go downstairs,economic pressure for nursing service,acknowledgment of nursing service,and alone time per week was significantly different（P〈0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors influencing the satisfaction of respondents included self-rated health status,selfrated visual acuity,living status,the ability to go downstairs freely,economic pressure for nursing service,and alone time per week（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Elderly people living in high buildings without elevators do not have high life satisfaction.Many factors influence the life satisfaction of elderly people.The present study is valuable for further improving the care services for elderly people and enacting associated policies.