解码英国16—19世纪文学传统中的闲逛者

Decoding the Flaneur in the Literary Tradition of Britain of the 16—19 Century

作为一种理解城市空间的视角,闲逛者在英国具有独特的发展路径及本土特质。十六七世纪之交的城市文学促成了英国闲逛者意象的萌芽,是一种观察都市的闲逛;17世纪后半叶到18世纪初的报刊文学进一步涵养了闲逛者,试图通过精致的散文实现理性启蒙的社会诉求;18世纪末到19世纪初期华兹华斯的诗歌则聚焦自然与乡村,用不同于都市闲逛的方式来反思当时英国的城市病。简言之,从文学小册子到散文,再到诗歌,看似不相干的闲逛行为实际上揭示了英国中产阶级从萌芽到发展的独特过程,折射出该阶层的社会焦虑。

As an approach to urban space, the image of flaneur has been developed in a unique way with strong local features. The urban literature at the turn of 16th and 17th centuries witnessed the origin of flaneur that could be regarded as a way to observe cities. Journals and magazines from late 17th century to early 18th century further cultivated this tradition, functioning as enlightenment by sophisticated prose. Poetry by Wordsworth at the turn of 18th and 19th century revels, focusing on nature and countryside, reflected the urban disease in Britain in a different way. Therefore, three forms of flaneur, ranging from literary pamphlets to prose and poetry, collaboratively reveal the development of English middle class, and finally present their social anxiety.