从逻辑的观点看道德悖论

Moral Paradox from the Point of Logic

作为一类现象的道德悖论普遍存在,作为研究主题的道德悖论,争议从未止息。基于道德悖论与逻辑悖论之关联的再三权衡,可进一步明确道德悖论并不是逻辑悖论。从能够建立矛盾等价式的要求看,道德悖论并不包含真正的逻辑矛盾;通过与道义悖论及合理行动悖论的比较可以表明,道德悖论实质上是关于道德"行动"的问题,因而不属于"理论事实"。作为道德实践中遇到的行动选择困境,道德悖论所刻画的是一种"类悖论行动困境",道德悖论的解决需要诉诸关于实践与行动的理论。

Moral paradox is ubiquitous as a special phenomenon, and there are all kinds of disputes as a research topic. Based on another weigh on the relation between moral paradox and logical paradox, it can be further clarified that moral paradox is not true logical paradox. From the point of “contradiction equivalence can be built”, Moral paradox does not contain real logical contradiction. Comparing moral paradox with deontic paradox and rational action paradox shows that moral paradox is the real issue concerned about action, so it is not “theoretical fact”, which is the second reason that moral paradox is not true logical paradox. Rather, moral paradox, which in fact is the selection of action dilemma, characterizes a kind of Paradox-Like Action Dilemma. Therefore, proper solutions to moral paradox should appeal to theories about practice and action.