城镇职工基础养老金全国统筹的阻碍因素与对策建议

Obstacles and Countermeasures to the National Coordination of Urban Workers' Basic Pension

当前,大部分省份城镇职工基本养老保险统筹层次还处于省级调剂金阶段,养老金不能在全国范围内调剂余缺,急需实现基础养老金全国统筹。基础养老金全国统筹会面临财政分灶体制导致地方利益格局固化、打击基金有结余地区的征缴积极性、中央财政兜底压力大、易造成逆向转移支付、省际间养老保险政策差异较大等问题。建议:中央应下决心打破当前利益格局;先推行中央调剂金制度,再逐步过渡到全国统筹;实行"中央基础养老金+地方基础养老金"的模式;明确中央与地方的权责划分,实行垂直管理;开征社会保险税;健全相关配套政策。

At present, the coordination level of basic old-age insurance for urban workers in most provinces is still at the stage of provincial transfers, so the pensions cannot be adjusted across the country. There is an urgent need to realize the national coordination of basic pension. National coordination of basic pension will face many problems： the fiscal division system has led to the consolidation of local interests; it will discourage the motivation of pension collection for fund surplus areas; the underpinning pressure of central government is big; it may easily lead to reverse transfer payments; inter-provincial old-age insurance policies vary greatly. It is suggested that the central government should make up its determination to break the current pattern of interests, first implementing central transfers system, and then gradually making its transition to national coordination; carrying out the mode of “central basic pension ＋ local basic pension”; clarifying the division of powers and responsibilities between the central government and local governments and implementing vertical management; levying social security tax; and improving the relevant supporting policies.