《史记·夏本纪》文本探析

Text Analysis on Biographic Sketches of Xia's Emperors in Historical Records

从文本意义上看,《夏本纪》标识的是司马迁所认定的中国第一个王朝,揭示的正是司马迁"通古今之变"所关注的核心问题,即朝代如何更迭、君主怎样产生的头等问题。《史记·夏本纪》由《尚书》而来,同时与《太史公自序》《报任安书》等文本交错辉映,都指向一个主旨,那就是标示司马迁将"夏"独立列为"本纪"是一个创新,这一创新来自于司马迁认定夏之政权更迭成为中国历史的重大革命。通过对《史记·夏本纪》与《尚书》以及其他相关文本的研究,说明司马迁如何在文本中渗透自己的政治观、历史观,并且将对朝代更迭与君主变迁的关注作为首要点。

From the point of view of the text,Biographic Sketches of Xia＇s Emperors is revealed as the core of Sima Qian＇s＂Changes of Ancient and Modern＂,namely,dealing with the major issues such as how to change and how to produce dynasties and monarchs. Biographic Sketches of Xia＇s Emperors in Historical Records was originated from Book of History and at the same time,corresponding with the texts such as Taishigong＇s Preface and A Letter to Ren An,points to the theme of marking sketches of Xia＇s Emperors as an biography which is an innovation for Sima Qian identifying Xia dynasty as the starting point of Chinese regimes.The study of Biographic Sketches of Xia＇s Emperors in Historical Records and Book of History and other related texts,explains how Sima Qian penetrated his political outlook and historical outlook in the texts,and the thoughts about the changes of dynasties and monarch changes as the first concern.