《左传》和《史记》中吴王夫差形象的比较

Comparing the Similarities and Differences of the Images of Fuchai and King Wu in Zuozhuan and Historical Records

吴王夫差的形象在《左传》《史记》中都非常生动鲜明,两书叙述了夫差为报父仇而破越,又因轻越北伐而被越国所灭的历史故事;《左传》的记载文辞简洁,倾向以叙述历史事件为主,刻画了夫差"悲剧性"君主的形象;而《史记》在《左传》的基础之上,不仅对历史事件的叙述更为详细,而且增加了许多文学上的细节描写,甚至增加了夫差、太宰嚭与伍子胥之间的矛盾,突出夫差"昏庸""无道"的君主形象。这既是增加文学细节描写达到的效果,也是司马迁"发愤著书"的著作观、生死观的映射。

The different image of Fuchai in Zuozhuan and Historical Records are very vivid. The two books all recorded the historical stories that Fuchai attacked Kingdom Yueguo to avenge her father＇s blood,and Fuchai was destroyed by Yueguo because of his underestimating Yueguo and his improper Northern Expedition. The records in Zuozhuan were concise and inclined to describe the historical events,and depicted the image of the＂tragic＂monarchy of Fuchai. On the basis of Zuozhuan,Historical Records not only describes the historical events more detailed,but also increases the detail description,and even increases the differences Fuchai＇s image,with the contradiction between Taizai Pi and Wu Zixu,to highlight the images of the monarchy of ＂fatuousness＂and ＂cruelty＂. This is not only the effect of increasing the description of literary details,but also the mapping of Sima Qian＇s works and outlook on life and death.