老年人日常家务活动出行模式及影响因素

Travel Patterns and Influencing Factors of Elderly Daily Housework Activities

为深入了解不同类型老年人的出行需求及其活动模式特征,进而创造出适宜老年人活动出行的交通环境,以2011年昆明市居民出行调查为第一手资料,建立"与子孙同住的老年人家庭居民出行"数据库。基于活动理论,建立老年人日常家务活动出行影响机制的结构方程模型。结果表明:与其他成员相比,老年人的家务活动出行行为特征表现为短距离出行和步行居多,时长和频率均偏高,老年人的年龄和儿童对老年人家务活动出行存在显著影响,但性别因素并不显著。进一步分析发现,老年人承担家务活动的情况并不直接受到其他成员通勤活动的影响,成员的通勤活动是通过对自身家务活动的制约再间接影响老年人家务活动模式;而家庭成员与老年人间家务活动的替代效应在家务活动出行时间和家务活动频次上体现得更显著。

To understand the travel demand and the activity pattern characteristics of different types ofthe elderly, and create appropriate traffic environment for the elderly′s activity travels, the results of Kunming resident travel survey in 2011 were used as first-hand information, and the family resident travel database of the elderly living together with their children and grandchildren was established. Based on activity theory, the structural equation model of the influence mechanism of the elderly′s daily housework activity travel was established. The results show that the characteristics of the elderly′s housework activity travel behavior are short travel distance, walking preference, long duration time and highly frequency compared with other members′. The age of the elderly and children have significant impact on the elderly′shousework activity travel, however gender is not significant. Further analysis shows that the elderly′shousework activities aren′t directly influenced by the other family members′ commuter activities. Themembers′ commute activities indirectly influence the elderly′s house work activity patterns by restricting their own housework time directly. The substitution effect of housework activities between the otherfamily members and the elderly is more significant in housework activity travel time and housework activity frequency.