高隧道比路段隧道出入口驾驶员视觉负荷研究

Driver's Visual Load at Tunnel Entrance and Exit of Sections with High Ratio of Tunnels

为分析高隧道比路段驾驶员视觉特性变化规律与行车安全关系,本文首先分析了隧道出入口段驾驶员的瞳孔面积变化规律,并提出"负荷重复累积效应"概念表达频繁进出隧道过程中驾驶员视觉变化现象.采用瞳孔面积最大瞬态速度Vω(t)作为评价指标描述驾驶员在隧道出入口的视觉负荷变化规律,以瞳孔面积最大瞬态速度值MTPA及换算视觉震荡持续时间作为评判视觉负荷大小的依据.建立了隧道出入口驾驶员视觉舒适度评价体系,然后依据此评价指标体系确定隧道出入口的驾驶员视觉负荷程度,最终判断隧道出入口对行车安全的影响程度.研究结果表明,本文的研究方法是可行的,可以很好地应用于高隧道比路段驾驶员视觉负荷评价研究中,可为隧道出入口安全保障提供一定的参考.

In order to analyze the relationship between the change of driver＇s visual characteristics and the safety of driving in sections with high ratio of tunnel, the change regulation of pupil area of the driver while going through the tunnel entrance and exit is analyzed. And the concept of ＂load repeat accumulation effect＂ is put forward to express the phenomenon of driver＇s visual change in the process of frequently entering and exiting the tunnels. The maximum transient velocity of pupil area Vω（t） is taken as an evaluation index to describe the change regulation of driver＇s visual load. The maximum transient velocity value of pupil area which is short for MTPA and the conversion duration for visual turbulence are taken as the basis for judging the size of visual load of the driver＇s. The evaluation system of drivers＇ visual comfort at the entrance and exit of tunnels is established, then confirm the visual load according to the evaluation system. Finally, the influence degree of the tunnel entrance and exit on the traffic safety could be determined. The research results show that the research method of this paper is feasible. It could be well applied to the study of visual load evaluation of drivers in sections with high ratio of tunnels, it could also provide a certain reference for the safety guarantee of tunnel entrance and exit.