宁夏近10年甲醛柱浓度时空分布及其影响因素

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of HCHO Column Concentration and Its Influencing Factors in Ningxia in Recent Ten Years

为明确宁夏回族自治区(简称"宁夏")大气中甲醛的含量及分布,基于OMI遥感反演数据,分析了2006—2015年宁夏甲醛柱浓度的时空分布,同时选取工业产值、机动车保有量、煤炭消耗量以及气温、地形地貌和风向等人为和自然因素进行相关性分析.结果表明:研究区内2006—2015年甲醛柱浓度整体呈上升趋势,年均增速为1.078×1015molec/(cm2·a),其中2006—2011年逐年增大,2012—2015年呈波动上升趋势,并于2015年达到近10年的最高值;甲醛柱浓度季节性特征为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季;宁夏甲醛柱浓度月均值变化趋势整体上呈"W"型.空间上甲醛柱浓度高值区主要分布在宁夏中东部及南部地区,而北部及西部地区甲醛柱浓度相对较低.在人为因素中煤炭消耗量与甲醛柱浓度的相关性最高,相关系数达到0.88;在自然因素中甲醛柱浓度与气温相关系数达到0.63,地形地貌和风向对甲醛污染区域的分布有一定影响.研究显示,人为因素是影响宁夏甲醛柱浓度的主要因素.

bBased on inversion data of OMI remote sensing,spatial and temporal distribution of formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region（ Ningxia） from 2006 to 2015 was analyzed. At the same time,selected natural factors as industrial output value,vehicle ownership,coal consumption,temperature,topography and wind direction were for correlation analysis. Results showed the concentration of formaldehyde column increased from 2006 to 2015,with an average growth rate of 1. 078×1015 molec/cm2,in which increased year by year from 2006 to 2011 and showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2012 to 2015,and reached the maximum value of nearly 10 years in 2015. Seasonal characteristics of formaldehyde concentration were summer winter autumn spring. Change trend of monthly mean of formaldehyde concentration in Ningxia area is‘W＇type as a whole. The high concentration area of formaldehyde column was mainly distributed in middle east and south of Ningxia,and concentration of formaldehyde column was lower in the north and west of Ningxia. Results showed that correlation between coal consumption and formaldehyde concentration was the highest among human factors,and correlation coefficient was 0. 88; Among natural factors,correlation coefficient between formaldehyde column concentration and air temperature reached 0. 63,topography and wind direction had certain influence on distribution of formaldehyde pollution area. In summary,human factors were main factors affecting formaldehyde column concentration in Ningxia area.