珠江口湾区靠港船舶转用低硫油的成本与环境效益

Assessment of the Costs and Environmental Benefits of Converting to the Low-Sulphur Oil for Berthing Vessels in the Pearl River Estuary Bay Area

船舶对区域大气污染的贡献备受关注.为控制船舶大气污染物排放,推进我国靠港船舶转用低硫油,以珠江口湾区为案例区,在利用统计分析法确定船舶辅机功率、靠港时间等关键参数的基础上,采用燃料动力法估算靠港船舶转用低硫油的经济成本与环境效益.结果表明:(1)珠江口湾区靠港船舶燃油消耗量大,2015年珠江口湾区船舶在靠港期间的总耗油量达31.35×104t.(2)珠江口湾区靠港船舶转用低硫油的环境效益显著.2015年珠江口湾区大于3 000 DWT(载重吨)的靠港船舶转用w(S)(硫含量)为0.5%的燃油时,PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SOx排放量分别减少792.8、729.1、566.3、6 979.9 t;转用w(S)为0.1%的燃油时,PM10、PM2.5、NOx、SOx排放量分别减少835.3、792.8、1 769.7、8 155.0 t.(3)靠港船舶转用低硫油会增加船东的成本.2015年珠江口湾区大于3 000 DWT靠港船舶都转用w(S)为0.1%的燃料油,因燃油价格差导致的额外成本为2.29×108元.在目前航运经济不景气的背景下,可通过财政补贴方式鼓励船东转用低硫油.参照深圳对靠港船舶转用低硫油的补贴政策,2015年大于3 000 DWT靠港船舶转用w(S)为0.5%的燃油时需补贴资金1.71×108元,转用w(S)为0.1%的燃油时需补贴资金2.29×108元.研究显示,靠港船舶转用低硫油能显著降低大气污染物排放,但转用低硫油需要船东承担一定的经济成本,政府应通过补贴等激励方式,逐步推进靠港船舶转用低硫油.

The contribution of vessels to regional air pollution attracts much public attention. In order to promote the use of low sulfur oil for berthing vessels and control the emission of air pollutants from ships,we took the Pearl River Estuary Bay Area as the study area. Key parameters including power of generator and berthing time were statistically analyzed. Based on the key parameters,the fuel dynamic method was applied to estimate economic costs and environmental benefits of the berthing vessels converting to the low-sulphur oil. The results showed that berthing vessels consumed a large amount of fuel and the total fuel consumption reached 31. 35 × 104 t in 2015.Besides,the environmental benefits of berthing vessels using low-sulphur oil were significant. In 2015,the berthing vessels over 3000 DWT converting to the fuel with 0. 5% sulphurreducedthe emission of PM10,PM2. 5,NOxand SOxwith being 792. 8,729. 1,566. 3 and6979. 9 t respectively,using the fuel with 0. 1% sulphur reduced the emission of PM10,PM2. 5,NOxand SOxbeing 835. 3,729. 8,1769. 7 and 8155. 0 t respectively. Furthermore,the cost of vessel owners would be increased using the low-sulphur oil instead of other fuels. In 2015,all berthing vessels over 3000 DWT at Pearl River Estuary Bay Area used the fuel with 0. 1% sulphur,which caused 2. 29 hundred million RMB extra cost for vessel owners due to the price differences of the fuels. Then,in the context of the shipping recession at present,it is possible to encourage vessel owners to convert to the low-sulfur oil through providing financial subsidy. Referring toShenzhen＇s subsidy policy for the low-sulfur oil,the subsidy fund would be 1. 71×108 RMB as the vessels over 3000 DWT applied the fuel with 0. 5% of sulphur in 2015 and would be 2. 29 × 108 RMB the fuel with 0. 1% sulphur. The study showed that the berthing vessels converting to low fuel can reduce the emission from ships. The government should gradually promote berthing vessels converting to low fuel.