自愿无偿献血者血液检验指标异常结果的分布与分析

Distribution and Anal ysis of Abnormal Results of Blood Test Indicators of Voluntary Blood Donors

目的通过分析自愿无偿献血者血液检验指标异常结果的分布,掌握我采血点无偿献血者血液感染性指标的流行趋势,为提升血液利用率、降低血液报废率提供可靠依据。方法将2016—2017年该采血点采集到的16 700份血液样本作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有血液样本的ALT、抗-HIV、抗-HCV、抗-TP及HBs Ag等指标检测结果。结果2016—2017年该采血点无偿献血者共计16 700人,其中ALT、抗-HIV、抗-HCV、抗-TP及HBs Ag等指标检测不合格率分别为0.16%、0.06%、0.22%、0.29%、0.11%,2016年与2017年各项检测指标的不合格率均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该采血点无偿献血者血液中异常率最高的是抗-TP,其次是抗-HCV,且各项检验指标的不合格率呈逐年下降趋势。在献血前应认真咨询献血者的病史,加大对无偿献血知识的宣教,同时应采取快速灵敏的检测办法来筛查血液,以提升血液质量,保证血液的安全性。

Objective To analyze the distribution of abnormal results of blood test indicators of voluntary blood donors and master the epidemic trend of blood infectious indicators in the blood collection center thus providing reliable basis for improving the blood usage rate and reducing the blood discarding rate. Methods 16 700 pieces of blood samples in the blood collection center from 2016 to 2017 were selected as the research objects and the ALT, anti-HIV, anti-HCV, anti-TP and HBs Ag of all blood samples were reviewed. Results There were 16 700 cases of voluntary blood donors from 2016 to 2017,and the unqualified rates of ALT, anti-HIV, anti-HCV, anti-TP and HBs Ag were respectively 0.16%, 0.06%, 0.22%,0.29%,0.11%, and there were obvious differences in various test indicators between 2016 and 2017, with statistical significance（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The blood abnormal rate of anti-TP of the voluntary blood donors in blood collection center is the highest, and the anti-HCV is the second, and the unqualified rate of various test indicators shows a gradual decreasing trend, and we should carefully consult the disease history of blood donors before blood donation, increase the publicity of voluntary blood donation knowledge, and we also should use the rapid and sensitive test method to screen the blood thus improving the blood quality and ensuring the blood safety.