马斯洛需要层次理论的满足对住院患者外出不归行为的影响

Effect of Satisfaction of Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory on the Outgoing and Non-return Behaviors

目的探讨基于马斯洛需要层次理论的满足能否减少住院患者外出事件。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法、运用自编问卷对青岛市某三级医院2016年10月—2017年5月220例住院欲外出患者进行外出原因问卷调查,并针对原因采取满足其需要的护理模式。结果因生理原因未满足离院:86例(39%);因心理原因欲离院:环境陌生,感觉心理恐惧,焦虑等58例(26%)、角色冲突(耽误学习、工作)20例(9%);不同性别患者同室,感觉不方便36例(16.36%);爱与归属的原因欲离院:感觉与亲人分离:20例(9%)。消化内科欲离院患者32例,通过需要的满足取消离院倾向的28例,措施有效率为87.5%;保健科欲离院患者58例,通过需要的满足取消离院倾向的50例,措施有效率为86.2%;五官科102例欲离院的患者,通过措施的满足取消离院倾向的40例,措施有效率为39.22%;普外科欲离院患者28名,通过措施的满足取消离院倾向的10例,措施的有效率为35.71%。结论基于马斯洛需要层次理论的满足能有效降低住院患者外出事件,值得进一步的探讨。

Objective To study the effect of satisfaction of Maslow＇s need hierarchy theory on the outgoing and non-return behaviors. Methods The outgoing causes of 220 cases of inpatients who wanted to go out in our hospital were surveyed by the questionnaires, and the nursing model was selected according to the causes. Results There were 86 cases（39%）going out due to physical cause, 58 cases（26%） due to mental causes such as strange surroundings, mental horrors and anxiety,and 20 cases（9%）due to role conflicts（delaying learning and work）, 36 cases due to inconvenience（16.36%）, 20 cases（9%） due to lack of love and belongings, and 32 cases in the digestive system department wanted to leave hospital, but 28 cases canceled the tendency due to the satisfactory of demands, and the effective rate of measures was 87.5%, and there were 58 cases who want to leave hospital in the department of healthcare, and 50 cases cancelled the tendency due to the satisfactory of demand, and the effective rate of measures was 86.2%, and there were 102 cases who want to leave hospital in the department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, and the effective rate of measures was 39.22%, and there were28 cases of patients in the department of general surgery who want to leave hospital, and the effective rate of measures was35.71%. Conclusion The satisfactory of Maslow＇s need hierarchy theory can effectively reduce the outgoing events of inpatients, which is worth further study.