加拿大油砂开发技术对中国油砂开发技术的启示

The Oil Sand Exploitation Technologies in Canada and Its Prospect Applying in China

随着常规油气的勘探难度逐渐增大,各国政府与大型油气公司开始关注非常规油气资源的开发和利用。加拿大是开发和利用油砂最多的国家,加拿大的油砂开发技术主要包括露天开采技术、出砂冷采技术、蒸汽驱及蒸汽吞吐技术、蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术、水平井注气体溶剂萃取技术、井下原地催化改质技术和水热裂解技术。尽管中国的油砂开发会受当前低迷油价的阻挠,但长期条件下,油砂油资源必将占据越来越重要的作用。中国的浅层油砂,可采用露天开采技术,但需要利用干馏法进行开采处理。中国深层油砂,可实施水平井注气体溶剂萃取技术,但需要在充分的室内模拟和野外实验基础上,选择所需注入的烃类气体、控制注入规模。中国油砂开发必须开展工程攻关,走环保发展的道路。

With the increasing difficulty of conventional oil and gas exploration,governments and large oil companies begin to pay attention to the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources. Canada is the best one in developing oil sands,and the technologies include open-pit mining technology,cold production technology,steam flooding and steam stimulation technology,steam assisted gravity drainage technology,horizontal wells injection with gas solvent extraction technology,and so on. Although China＇ s oil sands development will be blocked by the current downturn in oil prices,oil sands resources will play an increasingly important role in the long run. The shallow oil sands in China can be mined by open pit mining,but it needs to be treated by dry distillation. Deep oil sands in China can be injected into horizontal wells by gas injection solvent extraction technology,but it is necessary to select the injected hydrocarbon gas and control the injection scale on the basis of sufficient indoor simulation and field experiments. The development of oil sands in China must be carried out by tackling key problems and taking the road of environmental protection development.