延安黄土丘陵沟壑区不同年限人工恢复林地中的蝗虫群落结构

Structure of Grasshopper Community from Different Years of Artificial Restoration Woodlands in Loess Hilly-Gully Region of Yan'an

为探讨蝗虫群落结构与植被环境变化间的关系,给蝗虫生态治理和黄土高原生态恢复提供理论依据,在抽样调查蝗虫群落组成基础上,运用群落多样性指数、相似性分析方法比较分析了延安黄土丘陵沟壑区4个不同年限的人工恢复林地中蝗虫群落的结构特征,结果表明:共采集蝗虫标本753头,隶属于6科9属17种,蝗虫科、属、种的数量随恢复年限的增长而递增,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和物种丰富度指数在恢复11年的人工林地中最高,优势度指数在恢复5年的人工林地中最高,说明随着生态恢复时间的延长,人工恢复林地中植物种类及林草覆盖度日趋增高,蝗虫群落组成也愈加丰富,生态群落越趋于稳定;白纹雏蝗(Chorthippus albonernus)大量存在于不同恢复年限的人工林地,说明白纹雏蝗是人工恢复林地的群落优势种;相似性分析表明,不同年限的人工恢复林地中蝗虫群落均为中等相似,说明经多年恢复的人工林地中,植物种类变化不大,群落结构还较简单,持续实施封山禁牧、退耕还林还草战略,将自然恢复与人工恢复措施相结合,才是延安黄土丘陵沟壑区生态环境建设的有效途径。

In order to explore the relationships between grasshopper＇ s community structure and their habitat changes,and provide the theoretical basis for both ecological management of locusts and ecological restoration of the loess plateau,the grasshopper＇s community composition was sampling investigated,and the community diversity indices and similarity coefficients were calculated and analyzed in four different years of artificial restoration woodlands（ ARW） from the loess hilly-gully region of Yan＇an. The results shown that the 753 grasshoppers collected belong to 17 species,9 genera and 6 families. The number of family,genus and species of grasshoppers increases with the increases of restored years. Both Shannon-Weiner index and species richness index were the highest in eleven restored years,and the dominance index was the highest in five restored years of ARW. These indicated that both the plant species and forest-grass coverage in ARW are increasing with the extension of ecological recovery time.Grasshopper＇s community composition is becoming more and more abundant,and the ecological community is tending to be stable. The species Chorthippus albonernus existed with large numbers in different restored years of ARW,and indicated that Chorthippus albonernus is the dominant species of grasshopper community in ARW. The similarity analysis result shown that the similarity was middle similar among grasshopper communities in four restored years of ARW. It reflected that there are little changes in plant species and relatively simple of the community structure in ARW after restored many years. It is an effective way for the ecological environment construction in the loess hilly-gully region of Yan＇an by measures of continuous closing mountains and grazing prohibition,and combining natural recovery with artificial recovery measures.