土地利用与生物多样性绩效研究及对风景园林规划的借鉴

Research of Land Use and Biodiversity Performance and Its Reference to Landscape Planning

在当今世界土地资源极度紧缺的大背景下,研究不同土地利用情景下的生物多样性,评估其达到生物多样性预期目标的能力,已成为土地规划领域的重要研究方向,具有重要的理论研究意义和实践价值。本文在大量文献研究的基础上,简要分析了土地利用对生物多样性的作用机理,详细总结了土地类型组成、土地利用连接度、土地利用强度与土地利用聚合度4个关键性因子对生物多样性绩效影响的研究现状。针对现有研究进展,从多样性指标、生态机制、时空异质性、参与情景模拟、非线性系统规律5个方面阐述了如何进一步完善土地利用与生物多样性的研究内容。研究结果表明,土地利用与生物多样性绩效的关系符合复杂适应性系统在风景园林规划中运用的规律,满足构建研究规划协同实践的概念性框架。进而重点从引导以生物多样性保护为重要目标的用地控制策略、建立多尺度一体化的生物多样性保护格局、发挥不同尺度蓝—绿网络体系的载体作用、构建区域层面的生物多样性发展骨架、提高城市环境下生物多样性的引导措施、推进不确定性规划减少决策风险6个方面提出了土地利用—生物多样性绩效关联分析对风景园林规划中可资借鉴的思考。

In order to cope with the situation of scarce land resources, studying the biodiversity performances under different land use scenarios and assessing their abilities to meet the expected targets have become two important research directions in the field of land use planning which has important theoretical significance and practical value. Based on a large number of literatures, firstly, briefly analyses the mechanism of the effect of land use on biodiversity performance are conducted from the 4 key factors of land use composition, land use connection, land use intensity and land use aggregation. In view of the existing research progress, this paper expounds how to further improve the research content of land use and biodiversity performance from 5 aspects of scientific diversity indicators, ecological mechanism, spatial-temporal heterogeneity, scenarios planning, and non-liner systematic principle. The results show that the relationship between land use and biodiversity performance accords with the rule of complex adaptive system in landscape architecture planning, and meets the conceptual framework of research and planning with collaborative practice. Finally, from 6 aspects, the paper puts forward the thinking of land use-biological diversity performance correlation analysis on landscape planning, which are of： guiding reasonable land use strategies of biodiversity conservation, establishing a multiscale network of biodiversity conservation, strengthening the role of green-blue network, constructing a regional framework for biodiversity conservation, improving the guidance for biodiversity in urban environment, and proposing uncertainty planning strategies for reducing risks in decision making process.