粤东柘林湾甲壳类群落结构季节变化分析

Analysis of seasonal variation of Crustaceans community structure in Zhelin Bay of eastern Guangdong

基于2013年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)柘林湾拖网调查数据,分析了柘林湾甲壳类资源密度、种类组成和优势种、多样性的变化特征,并对甲壳类群落结构和环境因子的关系进行了研究。调查结果表明,甲壳类资源密度变化范围为30.094~199.048 kg·km^(–2);甲壳类出现53种,隶属于2目13科22属,主要优势种为口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、宽突赤虾(Metapenaeopsis palmensis)、锈斑蟳(Charybdis feriatus)和哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)等;多样性指数变化范围为2.31~3.03,均匀度指数变化范围为0.55~0.8,物种丰富度指数变化范围为1.55~3.29。单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)、聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析(NMDS)结果表明,柘林湾海域甲壳类群落结构存在明显的季节更替。相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)表明各季节典型种主要有口虾蛄、断脊口虾蛄(O.interrupa)等,分歧种主要有口虾蛄、红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)等。典范对应性分析表明,影响柘林湾海域甲壳类群落结构季节变化的主要环境因子依次为水温、p H和溶解氧。

We analyzed the Crustaceans stock density, species composition biodiversity index and relationship between community structure and environmental factors based on the data collected by trawl surveys in Zhelin Bay in Feburary（winter）, May（spring）,August（summer） and November（autumn） in 2013. We altogether captured 53 Crustaceans belonging to 22 Genus, 13 Families and 2 Orders. The stock density ranged from 30.094 kg·km^（–2） to 199.048 kg·km^（–2）. The main dominant Crustaceans were Oratosquilla oratoria, Metapenaeopsis palmensis, Charybdis feriatus and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, etc.. The diversity index H＇ ranged from 2.31 to 3.03; the Pielou evenness index J＇ ranged from 0.55 to 0.80; the Margalef species richness index D ranged from 1.55 to 3.29.ANOSIM analysis, cluster and NMDS analysis show that the Crustacean＇s community structure in Zhenlin Bay varied in seasons.The SIMPER analysis reveals that O.oratoria, O.interrupa, et al were typical species, and O.oratoria, Portunus sanguinolentus, et al were discriminating species. The canonical correspondence analysis suggests that the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal variation of Crustaceans community structure in Zhelin Bay are water temperature, p H and dissolved oxygen.