喀斯特地区水资源安全评价模型构建及其应用——以贵州省为例

Construction and application of water resource security evaluation model in karst area:A case study of Guizhou Province

为探讨地下水资源丰富而地表水资源短缺的喀斯特地区水资源安全评价问题,以典型喀斯特地区贵州省为例,构建了喀斯特地区水资源安全评价指标体系,将熵权法与模糊综合评价模型相结合,从空间和时间上对贵州省9个州(市)2005-2014年水资源安全进行定量评价,结果表明:贵阳、黔东南、铜仁地区水资源安全处于良好等级,遵义、黔南、毕节、黔西南处于一般等级,安顺、六盘水处于差等级;2005-2014年,贵州省水资源安全相对稳定,都处于一般等级,但水资源安全呈现上升的趋势,这是由于贵州省近年来高度重视生态环境保护的结果。随着生态环境与经济发展矛盾的加剧,贵州省要更多地注重水资源供水安全指标的管理,调整产业结构,使经济、社会效益逐渐成为生态效益的补充和实现形式。

Karst area is rich in water resources in the traditional sense.However,the surface water resources are deficient,and the groundwater resources are abundant,which forms a binary relation in water structure system.So the ecological status of this area is extremely important.The karst landform is widely distributed in Guizhou.With the rapid development of social economy,the situation of water resources security has attracted much attention.In order to analyze the current situation of water resources security in karst area,this study takes the typical karst area Guizhou Province as the research object.Fourteen indexes were selected from four aspects,including water supply,society,economy and ecology,to establish the evaluation index system of water resources security.Meanwhile,the entropy weight method and fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation model were combined to perform quantitative evaluation of this study,so as to evaluate the water resources security of Guizhou Province in the 9 cities and in each year from 2005 to 2014.According to the results,Guiyang,Qiandongnan,and Tongren were in good level,Zunyi,Qiannan,Bijie and Qianxi＇nan were in the general level,Anshun and Liupanshui were in a poor level.In the past year from 2005 to 2014,the security of water resources in Guizhou Province is relatively stable,all in the general level,but it was on the rise.This is due to the correct development ideas in recent years in Guizhou Province,the government has realize the importance of sustainable development of the water resources,and began to strengthen the scientific management of water resources.During this period,the government has attached great importance to ecological protection,and has put the coordination of economic growth,population,resources and environment in a prominent strategic position.In addition,the improvement of urban sewage treatment capacity and enterprise waste water discharge standards also played an important role in the change of water resources security.However,the water resources security in Guizhou is at a general level,and has a great development potential.Overall,the current situation for water resources in Guizhou is in a non-equilibrium fluctuating state under the pressures of economic development and human disturbance.With the contradiction between ecological environment and economic development intensified,Guizhou Province should focus on the water environment safety management,adjust the industrial structure so as to make the economic and social benefits become a supplement of ecological benefits.