日本科学家的研究动机:知识导向还是应用导向?

The Motivation of Japanese Scientists: Knowledge-oriented or Application-oriented?

[目的/意义]通过研究日本科学家的研究动机,揭示日本科学家诺贝尔奖"井喷"现象的原因,对我国推进基础研究具有一定的启示。[方法/过程]基于日本国家科学技术政策研究所2010年"科学知识创造过程调查"调研报告中的数据,对日本科学家的研究动机进行实证分析。实证过程中,对研究领域、研究机构的分类重新进行筛选,确定了9个研究领域和4大类型的研究机构的日本科学家为研究对象;利用数据,估算出狭义的、高要求的和广义的、低要求的"巴斯德象限",对各研究领域、研究机构的日本科学家的研究动机进行评价和分析。[结果/结论]结果表明:日本科学家的研究动机处于巴斯德象限的较多,即既有知识导向又有应用导向;与普通研究者相比,日本科学家中高被引研究者知识导向的更多;不同领域、不同研究机构的科学家研究动机不同。

[Purpose/Significance]By studying the motivation of Japanese scientists,this paper reveals a reason why Japanese scientists get the Nobel prize ＂ blowout＂ phenomenon,provides some inspiration for our scientific research.[Method/Process]Based on the survey report data of ＂ Knowledge Creation Process in Science： Basic findings from a large-scale survey of researchers in Japan＂,this paper empirically analyzes the motivation of Japanese scientists. In the empirical process,the classification of research fields and research institutions was rescreened,and 9 research fields and 4 major types of research institutions were selected as the research objects. We use data to estimate narrow,high demand and broad,lowrequirements of ＂ Pasteur＇s Quadrant＂,and evaluate and analyze the research motivation of Japanese scientists in various research fields and research institutions.[Result/Conclusion]The results showthat： most research motivations of Japanese scientists are in the Pasteur＇s Quadrant,which are both knowledge-oriented and application-oriented; compared with ordinary researchers,Japanese high-cited scientists are tend to knowledge-oriented researches; scientists from different fields and different research institutions have different motivations.