国有建设用地使用权出让合同性质辨析

On the Nature of Assignment Contract of State-Owned Construction Land Use Right

从合同目的以及合同调整的法律关系来看,国有建设用地使用权出让合同不符合行政合同的认定标准。在签订和履行土地使用权出让合同的过程中,作为土地出让方的土地管理部门具有土地所有者和土地管理者双重身份,这也是导致合同性质发生混淆的重要原因。合同的签订目的是确立土地用益物权,规范土地出让方和受让方之间的权利义务关系。从合同签订所遵循的原则、合同的内容、合同的责任承担以及争议解决方式来看,土地使用权出让合同调整的是民事法律关系,当属于民事合同。将土地使用权出让合同认定为民事合同,适用民事诉讼程序,有利于增强土地使用权的稳定性,有利于平衡土地所有者与土地使用者之间的权利义务关系,符合社会主义市场经济的要求,能够获得更好的社会效益。

Seen from the contract purpose and the legal nexus adjusted,the assignment contracts of stateowned construction land use rights do not comply with the judging standards of administrative contracts. During the signing and performing of assignment contracts,the land management departments are acting as land transferors with a dual identity,namely,land owners and land managers,which is the key factor that has caused lots of confusion concerning the nature of such contracts. Such assignment contracts are concluded in order to establish land usufructuary rights and regulate the legal nexus between transferors and transferees. Seen from the signing principles,the contract contents,the undertaking of contract liability and ways of dispute resolution,assignment contracts can be classified as civil contracts because these contracts are concluded in order to regulate civil legal nexus and civil procedures shall be applied. As a result,the stability of land use rights will be strengthened,and the relationship of rights and obligations between land owners and land users will be well balanced,which will bring about better social benefits as well as meeting the needs of socialist market economy.