贵州野生茶树种质资源的主要生化成分及抗旱性评价

Major Biochemical Components and Drought Resistance of Wild Tea Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

【目的】为探明贵州野生茶树种质资源的利用价值,筛选优质野生茶树种质资源。【方法】以32个分布地的73个野生茶树种质资源为研究对象,分析其春梢的主要生化成分及芽叶性状。【结果】在73个株系的野生茶树种质资源中筛选出10个贵州优质野生茶树株系,分别为Q3、Q18、Q27、Q32、Q34、Q41、Q49、Q51、Q56和Q66,10个茶树株系的春梢游离氨基酸含量和一芽1叶百芽重显著高于福鼎大白茶(对照),茶多酚含量和咖啡碱含量适中;73个野生茶树单株和扦插苗的主要生化成分表现基本一致;经进一步对10个优选株系扦插苗抗旱性(基于叶片解剖结构)初步评价,Q18、Q34、Q49和Q56株系的叶片栅海比和叶片CTR较高,分别在0.6和0.3以上。【结论】Q18、Q34、Q49、Q56野生茶树优势株系的春梢游离氨基酸含量高,一芽1叶百芽重较重,抗旱性强,可作为贵州野生茶树种质资源加以利用。

[ Objective] The present paper was conducted to verify the utilization value of wild tea germplasm resources and screen out excel- lent wild tea germplasnl resources in Guizhou. [ Method] Major biochemical components of spring shoots and tea leaf traits of 73 wild tea germplasm resources from 32 distributing areas were analyzed. [Resuh]10 tea lines of Q3 ,Q18, Q27, Q32, Q34, Q41, Q49, Q51, Q56 and Q66 were selected from 73 wild tea germplasm resources. Their free amino acid content of spring shoots and weight of 100 buds with one leaf both were higher than Fudingdabaicha （CK） significantly and their tea polyphenol and cafteine content was appropriate. Major biochem- ical components were basically the same between plant and cutting of 73 wild tea germplasm resources. The leaf palisade tissue to sponge tis- sue ratio and CTR of Q18, Q34, Q49 and Q56 tea lines were above O. 6 and 0.3 based on leaf anatomical strcture respectively. [ Conclu- sion] Q18, Q34, Q49 and Q56 tea lines with high free anfino acid content in spring shoots, higher weight of 100 buds with one leaf and strong drought resistance should be utilized in tea production in Guizhou.