合肥市居民结直肠癌筛查意愿的健康信念因素分析

Relationships between screening demand for colorectal cancer and psycho-cognitive factors among residents in Hefei

目的了解合肥市居民结直肠癌筛查相关健康信念,探讨居民的筛查需求与心理认知因素之间的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对合肥市40~70岁的社区居民开展问卷调查。问卷以健康信念模型(health belief model,HBM)为指导,设计与结直肠癌筛查相关的心理认知因素、既往行为、未来参与意愿及常见社会人口学变量相关问题。将问卷填写合格的739位居民纳入研究。结果结直肠癌筛查意愿率为80.4%,实际筛查率为3.4%。年龄与筛查意愿呈负相关,文化程度及家庭年收入与筛查意愿呈正相关。多元线性回归分析显示,5种筛查信念指数(严重性认知、易感性认知、收益性认知、障碍性认知及自我效能)对筛查意愿均有统计学意义。结论居民的筛查信念偏低,健康信念是影响居民结直肠癌筛查需求的主要因素,可为促进结直肠癌筛查提供有效的理论基础。

Objective： To investigate beliefs about colorectal cancer screening（CRC） and their relationships with demands for CRC screening among Hefei residents. Methods： Residents of 40 to 70 years old were selected from Hefei using cluster random sampling and were interviewed face-to-face by trained graduate students using a structured questionnaire.The questionnaire comprised closed questions designed to measure constructs of the Health Belief Model（HBM） and demand for colorectal cancer screening. A total of 739 residents completed questionnaires. Results： The 80. 4% were willing to receive colorectal cancer screening,but only 3. 4% did so. Age was negatively associated to the screening willingness,while education and income were positively linked to the screening willingness. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the five HBM constructs of beliefs about the screening（perceived seriousness,perceived risk,perceived benefits,perceived difficulties and self-efficacy） were all significantly associated with the demand for colorectal cancer screening. Conclusion： The health beliefs about CRC screening among residents in Hefei need to be improved. HBM can provide an effective theoretical basis for promoting CRC.