酶联免疫检测技术与核酸检测技术在血液筛检中的对比分析

Comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection in blood screening

目的探讨酶联免疫检测技术(ELISA)与核酸检测技术(NAT)在血液筛检中的应用效果。方法选取2016年1月—2017年8月本地区11234例无偿献血者的血液样本作为检测对象,均实施酶联免疫检测技术与核酸检测技术检测。结果 11234份血液样本中ELISA检测结果为阳性258份(2.30%),其中HBs Ag 241份,抗HCV12份,抗HIV 5份,阴性10976份(97.70%);NAT检测结果:EIA(+)258份中HBV NAT阳性238份(2.11%),EIA(-)HBV NAT(+)6份(0.05%),阴性10990份(97.83%),HCV和HIV均为NAT(-);EIA(-)HBV NAT(+)6份(0.05%)HBV DNA定量检测结果均<3×102拷贝/ml。结论酶联免疫检测技术和核酸检测技术对血液筛检均具有临床意义,但是核酸检测技术能够缩短血液病毒检测的"窗口期",直接对病毒本身检测,因此NAT检测技术能进一步降低输血传播病毒的风险。

Objective： To compare and analyze the application effect of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection technique in blood screening. Methods： Blood samples from 11 234 unpaid blood donors in the region from January 2016 to August 2017 were selected as testing subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and nucleic acid detection techniques were performed. Results： Among the 11234 blood samples,258（2. 30%） were positive by ELISA,of which 241 were HBs Ag,12 were anti-HCV,5 were anti-HIV,10976 were negative（97. 70%）; NAT results： EIA（＋）258 HBV NAT was 238（2. 11%）,EIA（-） HBV NAT（＋） was 6（0. 05%）,negative was 10990（97. 83%）,HCV and HIV were both NAT（-）; EIA（-） HBV NAT（6） Quantitative detection results of 6（0. 05%） HBV DNA were all 3 × 10^2 copies/ml. Conclusion： Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and nucleic acid detection techniques have clinical significance for blood screening,but nucleic acid detection technology（NAT） can shorten the ＂ window period＂ of blood virus detection and directly detect the virus itself,so NAT detection technology can further reduce the risk of transfusiontransmitted viruses.