共享经济理论演进、发展与前沿

Evolution,Development and Frontier of Sharing Economy Theory

共享经济随着Uber、Airbnb的成功而得到迅速扩散,正以不可阻挡的态势发展成一种新的经济形态,国内外相关学者也开始对这一新经济现象进行关注。对国内外共享经济的研究文献进行了系统的梳理。首先将共享经济的发展逻辑与动因进行归纳,发现经济动机、环境意识、社会因素和技术因素四方面共同推动了共享经济的形成。在此基础上,对共享经济这一概念进行解析与比较,归纳出三种特质:具有未充分利用的资源、大量分散的群体或个人进行有效率的交易、依托互联网技术平台。结合理论研究与实践现状总结出其发展遵循的基本模式,在其中提出一个效率——质量二维模型作为共享资源划分方法。其后对共享经济影响研究进行梳理,发现正负两面影响皆存在。最后对未来共享经济的研究方向进行展望,认为未来在相关实证性验证、引发的社会成本问题、资源共享的质量与效率研究、社会公平性、政府政策制定方向等问题上都需要进一步的研究。

The sharing economy extends quickly with the success of Uber and Airbnb and is developping into a new economic form with an irresistible trend. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and international research literature on the sharing economy. First, this paper sums up the logic and motivation of the sharing economy, finding that economic motivation, environmental awareness, social factors and technical factors jointly promote the formation of it. Second, the concept of the sharing economy is analyzed and three characteristics are summarized which includes underutilized resources, large numbers of dispersed groups or individuals conducting efficient transactions, and internet technology platforms. Combining the theoretical research and practice, this paper summarizes a basic model of the sharing economy development, and proposes a two-dimensional model considering both efficiency and quality as a method for dividing shared resources. Subsequently, the sharing economy impact research is sorted out, finding that both positive and negative effects exist. Third, the future of the research direction is forecasted. It is believed that the following issues should be extended： relating empirical verification, social cost issues, quality and efficiency of resource sharing, social equity, and government policy formulation.