基于正交设计的局部结构镁合金板材零件热冲锻成形工艺优化

Simulation and optimization on the press forging process of magnesium alloy sheet with feature structure

板材冲锻成形技术是一种板材零件的成形方法,在板材形状成形的同时对于局部特征结构进行体积成形。对于一些带有凸台、凸筋类局部结构的板材零件,其成形过程需要运用冲锻成形的方法来实现。铝合金、镁合金等轻合金比较适用于冲锻成形这种方法。该工艺具有生产效率高、材料利用率高、零件精度高等特点,现已广泛应用于小型板成形零件的生产当中,同时也是材料成形领域中的研究热点。针对带有局部特征结构的AZ31镁合金板材零件的热冲锻成形过程进行模拟,设计正交模拟方案,考察温度、凸模内孔圆角半径、摩擦因子、板材厚度和板材直径等参数对成形性能的影响。结果表明,一定的摩擦条件、良好的成形温度、合理的模具结构和板材厚度的选择,可以有效减小成形所需的最大载荷,并能够获得成形性能更好的工件。

The press forging technology is a kind of precise sheet forming method for metal parts.Characterizes of the method is not only the whole geometries but also the feature structures of the workpiece such as concave or bosses can be formed in one step during the process.The magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy are suitable materials manufactured by this method.The press forging technology has been widely used in sheet forming industry because of the advantages such as high productivity,high utilization of the material and rather good precision.The study of this technology is keeping attractive by researchers and engineers in related fields.The press forging process of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet part with feature structure was investigated by numerical simulated.In order to obtain the influence of the temperature,radius of the punch,thickness of sheet and diameter of part,orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the process.It is shown that the suitable process conditions including friction condition,temperature,die structure and thickness of sheet can reduce the maximum load during the forming process and the parts with good formability can be obtained.