砧木对橡胶树芽接无性系幼苗生长与叶片性状的影响

Influences of Rootstock on the Growth and Leaf Traits of Budding Clones of Rubber Tree Seedlings

对橡胶树砧木的大小进行了划分,研究大、中、小砧木对接穗生长和叶片性状的影响。结果表明,用未经人工选择的橡胶树GT1自然授粉种子作砧木,其芽接苗地径生长基本呈正态分布,大砧木(地径>30 mm)、中等砧木(地径∈(22 mm,30 mm])及小砧木(地径≤22 mm)占比分别为15%、53%及32%;经方差分析和多重比较,大砧木上接穗的苗高、茎粗和叶片数显著或极显著大于中等砧木和小砧木,中等砧木又显著或极显著大于小砧木;8年生树体当年抽生枝条上的叶片叶长、叶宽、叶面积及叶脉密度等指标都显著或极显著大于2年生树体,间接说明砧木大小对苗木的生长和叶片性状也具有较强的可塑性。建议今后在对砧木进行充分的选择后再进行嫁接育苗。

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of rootstocks in different sizes on the growth of scion and leaf traits of rubber tree. The results showed that the growth of ground diameter performed an approximately normal distribution when taking natural pollination seeds of rubber trees without artificial selection as the rootstock. The proportion in three sizes of rootstocks, which are the large one（ground diameter is greater than 30 mm）, the medium one（ground diameter is greater than22 mm or no more than 30 mm） and the small one（ground diameter is no less than 22 mm）, were 15%, 53% and 32% respectively. Variation analysis and multiple comparison results showed that the seedling height, stem thick and leaf number of scion grafted on the large rootstock was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of medium and small rootstock, and the medium rootstock was significantly or extremely significantly higher than the small one. The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf vein density of the leaf on the annual branch of 8 years old tree all were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of 2 years old tree, which further indicated that the size of rootstock has a strong influence on thegrowth and leaf traits of seedlings. It is suggested that rootstock selection should be fully done before grafting.