不同复合铁肥对石灰质土壤苹果黄化病的矫正效果

Correct effects of different composite iron fertilizers on apple chlorosis in calcareous soil

【目的】研究叶片大面积黄化时,不同复合铁处理对苹果生理特性的影响,从而明确不同铁肥处理方法对缺铁黄化症的矫正效果.【方法】以3年生‘长富2号’/‘山定子’为试验材料,采用硫酸亚铁配合氨基酸(AA)、尿素(Urea)以及乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)螯合铁的不同组合,进行埋瓶与叶面喷施,测定叶片叶绿素相对含量,净光合速率(Pn)等光合特性指标以及活性铁和全铁含量,并利用SPSS软件对各指标进行主成分分析.【结果】相比CK,Fe-EDTA、Fe-EDTA-Urea、Fe-AA和Fe-AA-Urea处理均可提高黄化叶片中的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)与活性铁含量,提高Pn、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低细胞间CO2(Ci)浓度及全铁含量.主成分分析(PCA)显示,2个主成分的方差贡献率达到94.095%,Fe-EDTA-Urea处理的PCA得分最高.【结论】埋瓶+叶面喷施Fe-EDTAUrea通过提高叶绿素相对含量、改善光合性能、提高铁的利用率而显著矫正苹果黄化症.

【Objective】To investigate the impacts of different composite iron fertilizer treatments on physiological characteristics of apple leaves with chlorosis in order to clarify the correct effects of iron fertilizer treatments on iron deficiency chlorosis.【Method】3-year-old Malus pumila cv.‘Nagafu No.2＇grafted on‘Malus baccata＇was used as experimental material.Different combination of ferrous sulfate with amino acid,urea and EDTA chelated iron were applied by burial bottle and leaf spray treatments.The relative chlorophyll content,photosynthetic indices,and the contents of active iron and total iron in leaves were measured.The obtained data were analyzed with principal component analysis（PCA）by using SPSS software.【Result】The results showed that the Fe-EDTA,Fe-EDTA-Urea,Fe-AA,Fe-AA-Urea treatments,compared with the control,increased the contents of relative chlorophyll content（SPAD）and active iron,and net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance（Gs）and transpiration rate（Tr）,decreased intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）and total iron content in apple chlorotic leaves.The PCA result showed that the variance contribution rate of 2 principal components reached 94.095%,and the PCA score of Fe-EDTAUrea treatment was the best.【Conclusion】Apple chlorosis caused by iron deficiency could be correcteddramatically through increasing the relative chlorophyll content,improving photosynthetic performance and enhancing the iron utilization rate in leaf by Fe-EDTA-Urea solution through burial bottle and leaf spray treatment.