普通话能力提升技术路径探析——以高校普通话教学为视角

Improvement of Putonghua Competence:About Putonghua Teaching in University

普通话是中华民族方言的中轴,是一种精良的语音状态,它承载了中华民族的精神气脉。由于我国地域广大,方言南腔北调,对普通话能力的提升影响非常大。对普通话认识不够,加之国家普通话水平测试考试题型只注重准确和流畅两个维度的评价,普通话教学出现了"唯工具论"的偏差。中高职学校及高校教学中,普通话教师往往是获得一乙水平,并非语言学专业出身,对课程理论把握能力不够,普通话教学中出现了重感性、轻理性、重模仿、轻理论的现象。普通话能力提升在教学上应该具有工具性、人文性、艺术性三个层次。工具性阶段应该更具强化教学的科学性;人文性阶段应培养学生的文化视野;艺术性阶段应培养语言表达运用的美感。

Putonghua （Standard Chinese） is the core of Chinese dialects and presents an excellent pronunciation, which embodies the spirit of Chinese people. The wide range of China results in the big difference of tones and speeches, which has a great influence on the improvement of Putonghua competence. The ＂intrument - oriented＂ tendency in the Putonghua teaching is caused by the shallow understanding about Putonghua and by the two demensions of accuracy and fluency emphasized in the National Putonghua Test. Besides, the teachers in universities usually only achieve to the second top grade and often do not major in language. So they can not understand the course theoretically and their teachings appear to be more perceptual and imitative than rantional and theoretical . In fact, the teaching for the improvement of Putonghua competence should be categorized into three levels： instrumental, humanism and artiful one. In the instrumental stage, the teaching stresses its scientific, in the humanism stage, it should enlarges students＇ horizon of culture and in the artiful stage, it should improve the students＇ sense of beauty.