库尔勒市不同民族医学生体质与健康状况分析

Analysis on physical constitution and health of medical students from different nationalities in Korla city

目的:通过对新疆库尔勒市维吾尔族、回族、蒙古族、汉族在校医学生的身体形态发育水平和运动能力的对比分析,找出不同民族学生体质的差异,了解不同民族学生的健康状况。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,从巴州卫生学校整体抽取2014、2015年级的47个班级共1 644名学生作为研究对象,分别进行人体测量和运动能力测定。人体测量由经过培训合格的测量人员按照GB/T 5703-1999方法进行,运动能力测量以教育部、国家体育总局印发的《学生体质健康标准》(2014年修订)的测试要求为依据,并根据研究对象的身体情况进行。检测数据录入Excel 2010建立数据库,将数据导入SPSS 18.0软件进行分析。结果:身体形态发育水平:不同民族之间身高、体重、腰围、上臂皮褶厚度均具有显著性差异(P<0.01),维吾尔族学生的身高、体重、皮褶厚度显著高于汉族和回族,但是蒙古族学生的腰围显著高于其他三个民族;四个民族学生的BMI单项评分有显著性差异,但是他们的BMI平均得分均在90分以上,学生的体重指数比较理想。运动能力:各民族的立定跳远、坐位体前屈有显著差异(P<0.05),回族学生的立定跳远显著高于汉族学生,蒙古族学生的坐位体前屈显著高于汉族和维吾尔族,汉族学生的立定跳远和坐位体前屈均低于回族和蒙古族学生。结论:1.各民族营养和发育状况有差别,且各有特点。维吾尔族学生身高、体重高于汉族学生;蒙古族学生的腰围较粗;汉族学生的上臂皮褶厚度测量值大。2.各民族学生运动能力各有特点,汉族女生速度方面较快;回族女生下肢及腰腹力量和身体柔韧性好优于其它民族女生。汉族男生肺活量大;回族男生下肢及腰腹力量较好;蒙古族男生身体柔韧性较好。

Objective：To better understand nutritional and health status of students from different nationalities,we analyzed the body shape development level and athletic ability of Uygur,Hui,Mongolian and Han nationality medical students in Bazhou Health School.Methods：A total of 1 644 students from 47 classes of 2014 and 2015 grade in Bazhou Health School were selected as the research subjects by using stratified cluster sampling method;anthropometric measuring and athletic ability test were conducted respectively.Anthropometric measurement was conducted by trained and qualified personnel in accordance with the GB/T 5703-1999 method,and athletic ability test was based on the test requirements of ＂student physical health standard＂（revised in 2014）,issued by the Ministry of Education and State General Administration of Sports of China,and it was conducted on the basis of research subjects＇ physical conditions.All collected data were profiled using Excel 2010 and analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software.Result：As for body shape development level,there were significant differences（P〈0.01）in height,weight,waist circumference and upper arm skinfold thickness among different nationality groups.Uyghur students were significantly taller,heavier and skinfold thicker than Han and Hui ethnic students,but Mongolian students had significantly higher waist circumference than the other three ethnic groups.There was a significant difference in body mass index（BMI）score among the four ethnic groups,but their average BMI score was above 90;the BMI was ideal.As for athletic ability,there were significant differences（P〈0.05）in standing long jump and sit-and-reach tests.Standing long jump of the Hui nationality students was significantly higher than Han nationality students;sit-and-reach of Mongolian students was significantly higher than Han and Uyghur students;Han nationality students＇ standing long jump and sit-and-reach were lower than Hui and the Mongolian students.Conclusion：1.Students from different ethnic groups have different the nutritional and developmental status,and each has its own characteristics.Uyghur students are taller and heavier than Han students.Mongolian students have larger waist circumference;Han students＇ upper arm skinfold thickness is large.2.Students from diffrent ethnic groups have their own characteristics in athletic ability.Girls from Han nationality have fast sport speed;while Hui ethnic girls＇ lower limbs,waist and abdome strength,and body flexibility are better than those of other ethnic girls.Han ethnic boys have large lung capacity;Hui ethnic boys have better lower limbs and waist and abdomen strength;Mongolian boys have good body flexibility.