情态:定义、特征与表达手段

Modality: definition,features and means of expression

情态表达说话人对言说对象的某种情感或态度,不仅指谓语中心的情态意义,其范围可以扩展到表达说话人主观态度的一切可能的表达手段。情态意义的多样性,跟情态的多维度特征有关,主要涉及客观性与主观性、现实性与非现实性等。表达情态的途径多种多样,几乎涉及语言系统的各个层面及其相关要素。汉语情态的研究急需中国化,目标是要在对情态表达手段详细描写的基础上,探讨语义的精确度、语境的影响度和认知功能的解释度,最终建立完整的情态表达系统。

Modality,which expresses the speaker＇s emotion or attitude to the things he refers to,involves not only the modal meaning of the predicate center,but also extends its scope to all possible means of expressing the speaker＇s subjective attitude. The diversity of modal meaning is related to the multidimensional features of modality,which mainly involves objectivity and subjectivity,realis and irrealis.There are many means to express modality,covering almost every aspect of the language system and its related elements. The study of Chinese modality is in urgent need of Sinicization,whose goal is to explore the accuracy of modal meaning,the influence of context,and the cognitive and functional explanation,on the basis of detailed descriptions into the means of modality expression,in pursuit of establishment of a complete system of modality expression.