脑卒中早期识别与急救知识现状调查与影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of early recognition and emergency care for stroke

目的调查患者及家属脑卒中早期识别与急救相关知识的知晓情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,于2016年11—12月借助康复助手微信公众号,对上海市6家医院共1 904名患者及家属进行脑卒中早期识别与急救相关知识的调查。结果患者及家属对脑卒中识别与急救相关知识知晓率低,单因素分析显示,年龄越小、女性、教育程度越高、脑力劳动者和接触过脑卒中者,其脑卒中早期识别和急救相关知识水平越高(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,其水平与性别、教育程度、职业、脑卒中接触史有关(R^2=0.143,F=78.984,P<0.05)。患者及家属对脑卒中预警症状的知晓率为23.7%,部分知晓为74.5%;对脑卒中识别方法和溶栓时间窗的知晓率仅略高于10%;获取脑卒中知识的途径主要为电视(53.6%)和网络(54.7%)。结论在医院内对患者及家属开展脑卒中早期识别与急救相关知识的健康教育势在必行,且应重点加强对男性、低学历、体力劳动、未接触过脑卒中者的教育,进一步促进脑卒中院前急救的有效落实。

Objective To investigate the awareness and influencing factors of early recognition and emergency care for stroke in the stroke patients and their family members. Methods A total of 1 904 patients and their family members from six hospitals in Shanghai were selected by convenient sampling from November to December2016. With the aid of We Chat official account of ＂ Kang Fu Zhushou＂,the participants were surveyed about the knowledge of early stroke recognition and first aid. Results The patients and their families had a low level of knowledge about early stroke recognition and first aid. The knowledge level was related to gender,education level,occupation and stroke contact history（ P 〈 0. 05）. The main ways to acquire stroke knowledge were TV（ 53. 6%） and Internet（ 54. 7%）. Conclusion It is imperative to carry out health education about early stroke recognition and emergency care in the stroke patients and their family members,especially in male,lesseducated,physical labor,and no history of stroke contact ones.