烟蚜茧蜂产品生产及应用技术研究(Ⅱ)——僵蚜收集与包装技术

Products production and application technology of Aphidius gifuensis(Ⅱ)—Collection and packaging technology for mummified aphid

【目的】明确漂浮烟苗规模繁育烟蚜茧蜂僵蚜的最佳收集时机及收集和包装方式,为僵蚜产品的规模化生产打下基础。【方法】采用低密度(25株/盘)漂浮烟苗繁蜂方法,在僵蚜大量形成期,逐日调查统计僵蚜及其羽化数量,分析总僵蚜与有效僵蚜间的关系;在有效僵蚜形成高峰期,采取不同的僵蚜收集(毛笔、试管刷和电动僵蚜刷)和包装(僵蚜盒、僵蚜卡和僵蚜叶片盒)方式,测试不同收集方式的收集效率及其对僵蚜的损伤率、不同包装方式对僵蚜羽化和成蜂扩散的影响。【结果】接蜂后第11 d僵蚜快速形成,第18 d达最大值(23800.34头/盘),其羽化率也达33.49%,有效僵蚜只有15830.17头/盘;而接蜂后15~17 d羽化率在10.00%以下,有效僵蚜保持在20000.00头/盘以上;采用电动僵蚜刷每人每天(8 h)可收集僵蚜40700.00头,其羽化率为86.67%;采用僵蚜叶片盒和僵蚜盒方式包装僵蚜,其羽化率分别为93.92%和83.31%,与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);采用僵蚜卡包装僵蚜,其羽化率为66.72%,与对照的差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】在20~30℃条件下以25株/盘的漂浮烟苗繁蜂,接蜂后第15~17 d的僵蚜利用率较高,为僵蚜最佳收集时机;采用电动僵蚜刷收集僵蚜的效率高、损伤低,能更好地满足规模化生产需求;僵蚜包装成僵蚜叶片盒和僵蚜盒对僵蚜羽化和成蜂扩散均无显著影响,是僵蚜适宜的包装方式。

【Objective】Mummified aphid was bred in large scale with floating tobacco seedling technology. Then,the best time to collect mummified aphid and the best collecting and packaging method were explored in order to lay the foundation for the large-scale production of mummified aphid product.【Method】Low-density（25 strains/plate）floating tobacco seedling was adopted to breed mummified aphid. During the formation period of numerous mummified aphid,the number of mummified aphid and eclosion were counted and investigated every day to analyze the relation between total number of mummified aphid and effective mummified aphid. During the peak formation period of effective mummified aphid,different collecting methods（brush,tube brush and electric mummified aphid brush）and packaging methods（mummified aphid box,mummified aphid card and leaf box of mummified aphid）were adopted. And then,the effects of different collecting method on effectiveness of collecting and damage rate to mummified aphid were tested,and the impacts of diffe-rent packaging methods on eclosion of mummified aphid and diffusion of adult bee were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that mummified aphid rapidly formed 11 d post inoculation. On day 18,the number of mummified aphid reached the maximum value（23800.34 aphid/plate）,and the eclosion rate also reached 33.49%,the number of effective mummified aphid being only 15830.17 aphid/plate. While 15-17 d post inoculation,the eclosion rate of mummified aphid was below 10.00% and the number of effective mummified aphid maintained at more than 20000.00 aphid/plate. By using electric mummified aphid brush,each person could collect 40700.00 aphid each day（8 h）,and the eclosion rate of mummified aphid was 86.67%. By using leaf box of mummified aphid and mummified aphid box to package mummified aphid,the eclosion rates were 93.92% and 83.31% respectively and they had no significant difference with the control（P〉0.05）.By using mummified aphid card to package,the eclosion rate was 66.72% and it had significant difference with the control（P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】Under the condition of 20-30 ℃,by using floating tobacco seedling（25 strains / plate）to breed mummified aphid,the utilization rate of mummified aphid is high when 15-17 d post inoculation,so it is the best time to collect mummified aphid. By using electric mummified aphid brush,the effectiveness of collecting is high and damage rate is low,so electric mummified aphid brush can better meet the need of large-scale production. Packaging mummified aphid with leaf box of mummified aphid and mummified aphid box had no significant effect on eclosion of mummified aphid and diffusion of adult bee,so they are the suitable packaging methods for mummified aphid.