大果沙糖橘的遗传鉴定及引种栽培表现

Genetic identification and cultivation performance of introduced Daguo shatangju

【目的】分析大果沙糖橘的遗传特性和引种栽培表现,为丰富广西沙糖橘种类提供参考依据。【方法】利用倍性分析和AFLP分子标记对引种的大果沙糖橘进行遗传鉴定,并观测其生长发育特性和物候期,分析果实的产量和品质性状。【结果】倍性鉴定结果表明,大果沙糖橘的倍性与沙糖橘均为二倍体;AFLP分子标记分析结果表明,大果沙糖橘的遗传物质有别于沙糖橘、广蜜橘、南丰蜜橘、桂青橘1号、青皮橘和春甜橘,具有遗传特异性,是一种新的柑橘种质材料。经2005~2016年栽培观测,大果沙糖橘植株长势旺盛,丰产稳产;平均单果重69.0 g,果实平均纵径40.7 mm,平均横径53.4 mm,果实扁圆形,平均果皮厚2.5 mm,可食率74.4%;平均可溶性固形物含量13.0%,可滴定酸含量0.28%,维生素C(Vc)含量33.2 mg/100 g FW;果皮橙黄至橙红色,油胞凸出,果面稍粗糙,少核,在广西崇左市成熟期为12月。【结论】大果沙糖橘是具有遗传特异性的新型柑橘种质资源,产量较高,稳产性好,品质较佳,适应性强,适合在广西沙糖橘产区推广种植。

【Objective】The genetic character and planting performance of the Citrus cultivar Daguo shatangju was analyzed to provide references in order to enrich the variety of Guangxi Shatangju.【Method】Ploidy analysis and AFLP molecular marker were used to determine the genetics of Daguo shatangju. The botanical characteristics,phenology,yield and fruit character were observed and analyzed.【Result】The ploidy analysis result showed that Daguo shatangju was diploid,the same as Shatangju. The AFLP molecular marker showed that the genetic material of Daguo shatangju was different from Shatangju,Guangmiju,Nanfengmiju,Guiqingju No.1,Qingpiju and Chuntianju. It was a new Citrus gerplasm resource.Through observation during 2005-2016,it was found that the growth vigor of Daguo shatangju was flourishing.The yield was high and stable. The average fruit mass was 69.0 g. The fruit was oblate with average longitudinal diameter 40.7 mm and average transverse diameter 53.4 mm. The average pericarp thickness was 2.5 mm,edible rate 74.4%,the average total soluble solids content 13.0%,the acid content 0.28 g and vitamin C（Vc） content 33.2 mg/100 gFW. The fruit peel was orange or salmon. The oil cell was little rough and obvious. It was a few-seed cultivar,mature in December in Chongzuo,Guangxi.【Conclusion】Daguo shatangju is a new Citrus gerplasm resource with genetic specificity,which can be grown extendedly throughout Guangxi Shatangju planting areas due to its high yield,stability,good quality and strong adaptability.