9个引种鲜食葡萄品种的栽培性状及果实品质表现

Cultivation characteristics and quality performance of nine introduced table grape cultivars

【目的】分析9个引种鲜食葡萄品种在南宁的栽培性状及其果实品质,为筛选适宜桂南地区栽培的鲜食葡萄品种提供参考依据。【方法】田间观察南宁引种的光辉、红巴拉多、着色香、早黑宝、里扎马特、金手指、摩尔多瓦、黄意大利和恋人等9个鲜食葡萄品种的物候期和生长特性,测定分析其果实品质。【结果】黄意大利、光辉、摩尔多瓦和着色香表现出较好的生长适应性和结果习性,萌芽率和结果枝率均在80.0%以上,其余5个品种成花较困难,结果枝率低于60.0%。黄意大利的果实品质综合表现较好,可溶性固形物含量达17.36%,总糖含量达254.53 mg/m L;光辉的粒重为9.99 g,果粒大且串型整齐;着色香具有独特的香气;光辉、摩尔多瓦和着色香果实的可溶性固形物含量较低,约15.00%。【结论】黄意大利的栽培性状和果实品质综合表现最佳,可作为中晚熟品种在桂南地区推广种植;光辉、摩尔多瓦和着色香的栽培性状表现较好,其中光辉可作为早熟品种、摩尔多瓦可作为中晚熟品种在桂南地区适当推广种植,着色香可作为特色早熟品种搭配其他主栽品种少量种植;红巴拉多、早黑宝、里扎马特、金手指和恋人不宜在桂南地区推广种植。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to analyze the cultivation characteristics and fruit quality of nine introduced table grape cultivars in Nanning,in order to provide reference for screening suitable table grape cultivar to cultivate in southern area of Guangxi.【Method】The phenophase and growth characteristics of nine table grape cultivars introduced in Nanning were observed through field observation,including Guanghui,Red Barbra,Zhuosexiang,Zaoheibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger,Moldova,Yellow Italy and Lover. And fruit quality was determined and analyzed in laboratory.【Result】Among the nine introduced table grape cultivars,Yellow Italy,Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang performed better growth adaptability and bearing habit;their germination rates and bearing branch rates were above 80.0%. However,for the rest five cultivars,flower formations were difficult,and the bearing branch rates were below 60.0%. For the fruit quality,Yellow Italy showed fine comprehensive quality,with soluble solid content reaching 17.36% and total sugar content reaching 254.53 mg/mL. Guanghui exhibited big berry which was 9.99 g and uniform clusters. Zhuosexiang performed unique aroma. However,the soluble solid contents of Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang were low,which was around 15.00%.【Conclusion】Yellow Italy exhibits the most outstanding cultivation characters and fruit quality and can be promoted widely as medium-late maturing cultivar in southern area of Guangxi. Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang all perform good cultivation characteristics. Guanghui and Moldova can be promoted properly in southern area of Guangxi as early maturing cultivar and medium-late maturing cultivar respectively. Zhuosexiang can be planted in small scale with other main cultivars as early maturing cultivar with characteristics. Red Barbra,Zaoheibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger and Lover are not recommended for promotion and plantation in south area of Guangxi.