功能核酸生物传感器检测金属离子的研究进展

Progress on Detection of Metals Ions by Functional Nucleic Acids Biosensor

功能核酸是具有特定结构和功能的天然或人工核酸序列。一些金属离子是人体必需的微量元素,但过量的金属离子会对人体健康带来危害。功能核酸具有易于修饰、价格低廉、稳定性高、特异性强等优点,被广泛应用于金属离子的检测。本文详细介绍了功能核酸与金属之间的相互作用,主要包括DNA/RNA切割型、连接型、错配型、点击化学型、构象改变型以及其它类型;以及功能核酸与不同信号输出方式相结合的生物传感器。最后讨论了功能核酸在金属离子检测过程中的优势以及现存的问题,对功能核酸生物传感器未来的发展方向以及应用前景进行了展望。

Functional nucleic acids are natural or artificialnucleic acid sequences with specific functions andspecial structures. Special metal ions are essential trace elements for human health, but excessive metal ionswill be harmful to human health. The functional nucleic acids are widely used in the detection of metal ionsbecause of their advantages such as easy modification, low price, high stability and strong specificity. Thisreview describes the function of functional nucleic acid and metal ions, mainly including cutting type, linktype, metal ion-mediated base pairing, click chemical type, conformation change type, and other types.Then, biosensor of functional nucleic acid combined with different signal output is introduced. Finally, theresearch significance and problems of functional nucleic acid in metal ion detection are discussed, and thefuture development direction and application prospect of functional nucleic acid biosensor are prospected.