初中数学教科书中性别不平等问题研究

A Study of Gender Inequality about Mathematics Textbooks of Junior Middle School

文科教科书中存在的性别偏见问题已备受关注,但理科教科书中隐性存在的性别不平等同样会对处于性别角色形成关键期的初中生造成负面累积效应。采用内容分析法,对人教版初中数学教科书的插图和文本中两性出现的频次、地位、职业类型及角色特征进行量化统计和定性分析。结果表明,教科书中存在对女性的忽视、省略和刻板化等性别不平等现象。具体表现为插图中两性性别比例严重失衡,成年女性角色缺失,未成年两性姿态行为与兴趣差异显著。文本中存在性别语言偏见,女性职业层次、地位均不如男性。进一步,指出了对男、女生的负面影响,并提出后续教科书编写、审核、使用过程中削减和避免教科书性别不平等的几点建议。

The issue of gender bias in liberal arts textbooks has attracted much attention. However,the gender inequality hidden in science textbooks also has negative cumulative effects on junior middle school students who are at the critical stage of gender role formation. By using the method of content analysis,the quantitative and qualitative analysis appeared in the illustrations and text of the junior middle school mathematics textbook published by People＇s Education Press,which is from aspects of the frequency,position,occupation type and characters of gender. The results show that gender inequality,such as neglect,omission and stereotyping,exists in the textbooks. The specific performance is the serious imbalance of sex ratio in the illustrations,the absence of adult female roles and the significant difference in the attitude and interest of the underage sexes. There is a gender linguistic bias in the text,and women are inferior to men in their occupational level and status. Further,it points out the negative impact on male and female students,and proposes several suggestions for reducing and avoiding gender inequality in textbooks during the process of compiling,reviewing and using textbooks.