承认的社会构成

Social Constitution of Recognition

霍耐特的承认理论是当代最受重视的社会理论之一。然而,在霍耐特援用米德的理论将承认概念加以社会理论化的工作中,没有进一步探讨社会互动,使得他的承认理论存在内在缺陷。对此,本文尝试进一步从社会互动的生成分析出发,探讨承认的社会构成。通过对承认的社会构成机制的分析,可以将承认明确定义为一种社会互动,其中,由于行动者因与其他行动者有相同、或被接受的观念与实践方式,故有可能被其他行动者同意该行动者的存在价值,使之能获得所需的社会行动的支持。一方面,霍耐特的理论内在缺陷可以从社会学的角度在一定程度上得以弥补;另一方面,经修补之后,也可望让承认理论为社会学提供新的研究视角。

Axel Honneth＇s theory of recognition plays a significant role in today＇s social theories.However,while theorizing the concept of recognition,Honneth neglects the category of social interaction as an important theoretical link.Due to this deficiency,the concept of recognition lacks a clear definition and as social theory it cannot be easily applied to sociological studies.This paper attempts to gain a better understanding of recognition theory by examining the origin of social interaction.It is suggested here that the concept of recognition can be sociologically defined as a reciprocally supportive interaction based on similar or commonly acceptable ideas and behaviors.Under this definition,Honneth＇s three forms of recognition are to be reformulated accordingly.Firstly,there is only one form of recognition defined as a reciprocally supportive social interaction,however,in different social spheres there are corresponding generalized symbolic mediums of social interaction such as love,law and social esteem,as well as money,power and religious belief etc.to generate possibility of recognition.Secondly,contempt（Miachtung）is not an opposite form of recognition but a mean of anti-mediums that harms recognition.Thirdly,recognition can also be distorted by problematic mis-recognition.With the sociological reformulation,recognition theory might be able to provide an appropriate and distinct perspective for sociology.