桃蛀果蛾对不同品种苹果的适生性研究

Studies on fitness of Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae) to different varieties of Malus pumila Miller apples

[目的]研究桃蛀果蛾对苹果不同品种的适生性,为桃蛀果蛾的综合治理、人工饲养时寄主品种的选择和苹果抗性品种的选育提供理论依据。[方法]在实验室设定温度(25.0±0.5)℃,相对湿度75%±5%,光周期L∶D=15h∶9h,光照强度4 800lx条件下,测定4个市售苹果品种(红富士,华冠,金冠和澳洲青苹)对桃蛀果蛾生长发育、繁殖、存活和实验种群生命表参数的影响。[结果]桃蛀果蛾对苹果不同品种的适生性存有明显差异。桃蛀果蛾的蛀果率在金冠上最高(91.25%±8.42%),在澳洲青苹上最低(26.20%±27.19%);幼虫的发育历期在金冠上最短(17.81d),在华冠上最长(20.32d);幼期存活率在金冠上最高(42.50%),在澳洲青苹上最低(13.00%)。单雌产卵量在不同品种苹果上无显著差异(P>0.05),且次代孵化率都在91%以上。生命表分析结果表明,桃蛀果蛾在金冠上的净增殖率(R0)最高(7.56)和内禀增长率(rm)最高(0.0581),平均世代周期(T)最短(34.86d)和种群加倍时间(Dt)最短(11.94d)。[结论]桃蛀果蛾对4个品种苹果的适生性由强到弱依次为:金冠>红富士>华冠>澳洲青苹,研究结果可为不同品种苹果园桃蛀果蛾的防治及实验室饲养时苹果品种的选择提供重要参考。

[Objective]The fitness of peach fruit moth,Carposina sasakii Matsumura,on different varieties of apple species（Malus pumila Miller）were studied in order to provide evidences for determining new apple varieties with high insect-resistance,developing effective integrate pest management strategy and successful laboratory rearing protocol.[Methods]Four most common apple varieties,including Red Fuji,Chinese Champion,Golden Delicious,and Granny Smith,were selected as food sources for C.sasakiiunder the laboratory condition with temperature at（25.0±0.5）℃,relative humidity at 75%±5%,photoperiod at 15 h∶9 h（L∶D）,and light intensity at 4 800 lx.The laboratory population life tables of C.sasakii feeding on different apple varieties were established by calculating the developmental rate,fecundity,survival rate,and every parameter involved in the life table.[Results]C.sasakii exhibited significant differences in the developmental duration and reproduction among various apple varieties（P〈0.05）.The highest and lowest infestation rates of newly hatched larvae were observed with Golden Delicious and Granny Smith at 91.25%±8.42% and 26.20%±27.19%,respectively.The shortest larval developmental duration was detected with Golden Delicious at 17.81 d,while the longest with Chinese Champion at 20.32 d.The preimaginal survival rate on Golden Delicious was the highest at 42.50% and the lowest with Granny Smith at 13.00%.No significant difference of egg production by one female was noticed among different apple varieties（P〉0.05）.The egg hatch-ing rate of the second generation was over than 90%in all apple varieties fed larval groups.Life table parameters were tested with each apple varieties and the results indicated that larvae reared with Golden Delicious displayed the highest net reproduction rate（R0=7.56）and intrinsic rate of increase（rm=0.058 1）,and the shortest duration for both mean generation time（T=34.86）and the doubling time（Dt=11.94 d）.[Conclusion]The relative fitness of C.sasakii on these selected apple varieties was,in descending order,Golden Delicious〉Red Fuji〉Chinese Champion〉Granny Smith.This result provided an important reference for fitness of C.sasakii on different varieties of apple in the orchard,and laboratory rearing on different apple varieties.