东北红豆杉有性生殖器官形态建成观察

Observation on Sexual Reproduction Organ Morphogenesis of Taxus cuspidata

本文对东北红豆杉雌、雄球花及果实发育形态建成和生殖物候进行观察,结果表明:花芽形成于上一年7—9月,雌球花在树冠上的分布较均匀,雄球花绝大多数分布于树冠的中下部,雌、雄球花多着生在树冠外部枝条叶腋处。4月中旬珠柄伸长,胚珠外露,胚珠珠孔液滴出现,小孢子叶球伸出、散粉。4月下旬至5月初胚珠珠孔液滴和小孢子叶球散粉出现盛期和末期。珠孔接受花粉最佳时期与散粉期均为7~10 d,雌、雄植株花期同步性较高。授精后,子房开始膨大生长,7、8月份为果实膨大期,9月上旬,假种皮初熟。9月中旬至下旬,果实直径最大。9月中旬至10月下旬假种皮陆续成熟、干枯。10月上旬至11月上旬果实陆续成熟、脱落。

The morphological and reproduction phenology of male and female cone and fruit development of Taxus cuspidata were observed in this paper. The results showed that the flower buds formed from July to September in the previous year.The distribution of female flowers on the canopy was more uniform. Most of the male flowers were distributed in the middle and lower part of the canopy. Female and male bulbs were often found in the axil of outer branches of canopy. In mid-April,the funicle elongated and ovules were exposed,the droplets of the ovule micropyle appeared,and strobilus protruded and scattered. From the end of April to the beginning of May,the drop of ovule micropyle appeared at the peak and the end of the period,so did microspore leafballs. The optimum period of accepting pollen and loosing pollen stage were 7 ～ 10 days. The synchronization of male and female plants was high. After the fertilization,the ovary began to grow. In July andAugust,it was the period of fruit enlargement. In early September,the arils were mature firstly. From mid-September to late,the diameter of the fruit reached its maximum. From mid-September to late October,the arils were mature and dry. From early October to early November,the fruits matured and fell off.