处境不利儿童身心发展差异性研究——以贫困家庭儿童为例

The Current Situation Study on Physical and Mental Development of Disadvantaged Children——By Studying Children from Low-income Families

随着中国经济的转型,大批工人下岗,经济收入没有保障,催生了大量贫困家庭的产生,生活于贫困家庭环境中的儿童的发展越来越引起人们的关注。通过对山东省聊城莘县和临沂费县不同经济发展水平的3所幼儿园的身心发展现状进行调研发现,从性别的角度来看,贫困家庭男孩的身体发展水平总体上高于女孩,而女孩的社会性发展水平优于男孩。从不同社会经济发展水平的角度看,街道中心幼儿园儿童的时间认知发展水平显著高于县实验幼儿园和村办幼儿园的儿童,社会交往水平显著高于县实验幼儿园儿童,街道中心幼儿园和村办幼儿园儿童的自我控制水平显著高于县实验幼儿园儿童;街道中心幼儿园儿童的龋齿个数显著少于县实验幼儿园和村办幼儿园儿童。

Along with the transformation of China＇s economy,a large number of workers lose their jobs and have no guarantee of economic income,which creates a large number of low-income families.The development of children from low-income families aroused people＇s concern.Based on the investigation on physical and mental development of disadvantaged children from three different economic development background kindergartens in Shen County of Liaocheng City and Fei County of Linyi City in Shandong Province,we find that the physical development of boys is higher than girls,but social development are opposed.In the view of the different social and economic level,the cognitive development level children from center kindergarten is significantly higher than children from Shiyan kindergarten in county and kindergarten in rural area,and their social interaction level is significantly higher than children from Shiyan kindergarten in county.Self-control level of children from center kindergarten and kindergarten in rural area is significantly higher than Shiyan kindergarten in county.The number of dental caries of children from center kindergarten is significantly lower than Shiyan kindergarten in county and kindergartens in rural area.