“一村一园”:边远农村学前教育普及与发展的改革探索——来自铜仁市山村幼儿园的经验

One Village,One Kindergarten:Exploration of the Reform of the Publicization and Development of Preschool Education in Remote Rural Area——Based on the Experience of Village Kindergarten in Tongren

学前教育是提升国家人力资本、从根本上切断贫困代际传递的有效途径。2016年,全国学前三年毛入园率达到77.4%,"入园难"问题得到较大程度缓解,但仍有近四分之一的儿童无法接受早期教育,这些处境不利儿童主要分布在边远农村地区。作为国家连片特困开发地区,贵州省铜仁市充分认识到学前教育事业发展的战略地位和重要价值,创新体制机制,以"山村幼儿园"为主要形式优先推进边远农村学前教育发展,以"一村一园"实现全市行政村学前教育全覆盖,确保边远农村处境不利儿童能够接受学前教育,其经验对我国农村学前教育发展具有重要的启示意义和借鉴价值。

Preschool education is an effective way to enhance the national human resource and to cut intergenerational transmission of poverty.In 2016,gross enrollment rate of 3-year preschool education in kindergartens attained 77.4%,and the problem of kindergarten crunch was alleviated greatly.However,1/4 of preschool-aged children mainly living in remote rural area cannot enjoy preschool education.As national special development contiguous poor area,Tongren government fully realizes the strategic position and significant value of preschool education development,innovating system mechanism to promote the development of preschool education in remote rural area.The implementation of＂One Village,One Kindergarten＂policy makes preschool education widely accessible in each administrative village,ensuring disadvantaged children in remoterural area have opportunities to accept preschool education,which are of great significance and meaning to the development of preschool education in remote rural area in China.