以色列乡村建设的经验与启示——以“合作社区”莫沙夫为例

Research on the Experiences and Inspirations of Rural Development in Israel: Taking the Collaborative Community of Moshav as an Example

伴随着"乡村振兴"战略的提出,乡村建设问题成为实现城乡统筹目标的关键。以色列乡村在土地所有制形式、组织管理模式、生产生活方式等方面与我国存在诸多相似,其建设经验可为破除现阶段乡村发展的困境提供一定借鉴。因此,通过回顾以色列乡村的建设历程,以其主体类型莫沙夫社区为例,从文化精神、产业经济、设施服务和民主自治等方面梳理社区建设的最初特征,进而从开发地域多元价值、维护地区生活品质、培育社区良好精神等方面总结社区发展中的调整经验,以期开拓我国乡村建设与规划的思路。

After the rural revitalization strategy was proposed, rural construction became the key factor in the overall planning of rural and urban development. Because Israel and China share many similar features in terms of land ownership, management, production, and lifestyle between rural areas, Israeli rural construction experiences are of referential value in solving problems in Chinese rural construction. The present study reviewed the construction history of Israeli rural areas and, using the Moshav community as an example, summarized this community＇s features of initial community construction from the perspectives of cultural spirit, industries, facilities, and self-governance. Moshav＇s experiences in community development adjustment in aspects of developing regional diverse values, maintaining local living quality, and cultivating community spirit were also summarized, with the objective to broaden the scope of Chinese rural construction and planning.