政府管制视野下德国空间规划框架及体系特点与启发

Framework and Features of the German Spatial Planning System and Its Inspiration from the Government Regulation Perspective

政府管制政府手段的核心目标是实现负外部效应削减,增加政府收益,提高人民福祉。空间规划作为社会资源调度和配置的工具必然需要政府监管。由于城镇化加速,现有空间规划监管体系已无法满足可持续发展的需求,各种问题已经凸显,如垂直管理机构各自表述和横向的多规并行等。文章在政府管制视野下对德国空间规划机构、运作和特点进行观察,尤其以其法规体系、内外部协同和多规整合等3个方面进行阐述,期望能够从中对中国的空间规划发展和改革提供有益的启示。

Government regulation refers to the policy management by which a government aims to reduce negative external effects and increase social benefits. Spatial planning is considered to be the management tool of social resource transmission and configuration must be adopted during the management process of government regulation. Owing to rapid urbanization throughout China, the existing regulation system for spatial planning fails to meet the requirements of sustainable development, which has already resulted in various problems, such as conflicts in multiple-layer governmental originations and principle disconnection in different planning. By observation of the German spatial planning structure, operation, and features, including the law system, inside and outside synergy, and the integration of multiple-dimensional planning, the present study aimed to provide inspiration to the current spatial planning and reform in China.