微型电动汽车转向管柱支撑结构耐撞性设计

Crashworthiness Design of Supporting Structure for the Steering Column of a Mini Electric Vehicle

基于GB11557—2011的要求,为某微型电动汽车设计了一款转向管柱吸能支撑结构,它由两根中部含V型缺口的槽型薄壁梁组合而成,其塑性变形阶段的极限强度水平可由V型缺口关键参数c和夹角θ调控。仿真结果表明:人体模块碰撞力随c和θ增大呈非线性减小。由c=24mm的数值仿真和碰撞试验结果对比可知:两者塑性变形模式一致;碰撞力曲线吻合得较好;人体模块碰撞力峰值偏差仅为6.1%。新支撑结构的强度和碰撞吸能水平在冲击试验和驾乘过程中均符合耐撞性设计要求。

According to the requirements of GB11557—2011,an energy absorbing and supporting structure for the steering column of a mini electric vehicle is designed,which consists of two thin-walled beam channels with a central V notch,and its ultimate strength in plastic deformation phase can be controlled by V notch parameter c and intersection angle θ. The results of simulation show that the crash force of human body module reduces nonlinearly with the increase of c and θ. The comparison between numerical simulation and impact test when c = 24 mm indicates that they are almost identical in plastic deformation mode and their crash force curve well agrees with each other,with a deviation of only 6 % for the peak crash force of human-body module. The strength and impact energy-absorbing capacity of new supporting structure well conform to crashworthiness design requirements in both impact test and real vehicle driving.