负载均衡的高效传感器网络非均匀路由算法

High efficiency non-uniformed load-balanced routing algorithm of WSN

针对WSN分层多跳路由的"热点"问题,提出一种基于免疫算法的非均匀分簇路由协议。该协议的每轮分为簇建立阶段与数据传输阶段:簇建立阶段为中心型策略,基站采用免疫算法搜索覆盖全部网络的最优簇头,建立路由树;数据传输阶段为分布式策略,各传感器通过簇内连接与簇间连接将采集的数据传递至基站。簇建立程序的触发条件为当前某个簇头的剩余能量低于指定阈值,降低频繁的簇重建引起的计算开销与能耗。仿真结果表明,该协议有效延长了网络生命期,解决了热点问题,具有较低的计算开销与计算复杂度。

Concerning the hot spots problem in the hierarchical multi-hop routing protocols of WSN,an immune algorithm based non-uniformed clustering routing protocol was proposed.Each round of protocol was divided into two phases including clusters construction phase and data transmit phase.The clusters construction phase was centralized strategy,the immune algorithm was adopted by base station（BS）to search the optimal cluster heads（CH）covering the whole sensing field,and the routing tree of each CH was constructed.Data transmit phase was distributed strategy,the sensing data was transmitted to the BS via intracluster and inter-cluster connections.The clusters construction process was triggered while one of current CHs had lower energy than the specified threshold,so that computational overhead and energy caused by frequent clusters construction were reduced.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol prolongs the network lifetime effectively,solves the hot spots problem and realizes lower computational overhead and complexity.