日本明治时代的饮食维新研究

A Research of Diet Reform in Japan's Meiji era

日本饮食一直到明治之前,基本没有变化,主食米饭,配以酱汤、炖菜、咸菜等,偶有海物。明治以后新政府将饮食作为富国强兵的重要一环推进,奖励摄取肉食、牛奶、乳制品等具有欧美元素的高热量食品,并实施了一系列发展畜牧业举措,以改变日本国民,特别是军人的劣势体质。传统素食结构被打破,开始向高热量的欧美型饮食方向发展。明治时期的饮食维新,为改良日本人的体质和身高,起到了至关重要的作用。本研究以大量历史文献为依据,着重考察明治政府如何将国家权利作用于饮食领域,成功发动并引领了饮食维新。

It had not experienced great changes for Japanese cuisine until the end of Edo Dynasty. Traditional Japanese food was handed down from generation to generation with steamed rice as staple food,while fish,shellfish,vegetables,seaweed,beans and so on as non-staple food. The new government,which regarded diet as one essential part to enrich the national power,incentivized intake of high calorie food with European and American elements,such as meat,milk and dairy products in order to step into the world's advanced ranks In the Meiji period. Meanwhile,it also implemented a series of measures to accelerate the development of animal husbandry for the sake of altering the weak constitution of Japanese nationals,especially their soldiers. A new balanced diet with Japanese and western factors came into being for the reason of the break of single vegetarian structure,as well as the development from traditional food to European diet with high calorie. This research,based on a large number of historical documents,focuses on observing how Meiji government applied state power to diet,as well as launched and led the food revolution successfully.