OFDI的母国产业效应:产业升级抑或产业“空心化”——基于我国制造业行业面板数据的经验研究

OFDI's Home Country Industrial Effect: Industrial Upgrading vs. Industrial “Hollowing-out”——An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of Chinese Manufacturing Industries

文章在系统分析OFDI对母国制造业升级影响机理的基础上,利用2003-2016年我国15个制造业分行业的面板数据,从产业效率的角度检验了制造业OFDI的产业升级或"空心化"效应。结果表明:通过OFDI获取国际先进技术及溢出已经成为制造业尤其是技术密集型行业技术进步的有效途径,但劳动密集型行业OFDI也在一定程度上造成国内传统产业效率"空心化";对发达国家的逆向OFDI较之对发展中国家的顺向OFDI更有助于国内制造业升级;资源开发类OFDI有效促进了制造业升级,商贸服务类OFDI则对技术进步产生了抑制作用,效率寻求型OFDI的制造业升级效应尚不明显。为此,文章建议加强对发达国家先进制造业OFDI,提高商贸类OFDI的质量,采取差异化的OFDI发展战略。

Based on the systematic analysis of the influential mechanism of outward foreign direct investment（ OFDI） on home country industrial upgrading,this paper examines the industrial upgrading or ＂hollowing-out＂effect of Chinese manufacturing industries＇ OFDI from the perspective of industrial efficiency by employing the panel data of 15 manufacturing sub-sectors from2003 to 2016. The results indicate that acquiring international advanced technology and its spillover through OFDI have become an effective way to promote the technological progress in manufacturing industries,especially technology-intensive sectors,whereas the OFDI in labor-intensive industries,to a certain extent,might lead to the efficiency＂hollowing-out＂of domestic traditional industries; The OFDI destined to developed countries is more conducive to the upgrading of domestic manufacturing industries than that to developing countries; The resource-seeking OFDI effectively promotes the upgrading of domestic manufacturing industries,while the OFDI in business services has an adverse effect on technological progress,and the promoting effect of efficiency-seeking OFDI is not obvious. Therefore,this paper proposes to expand the OFDI in advanced manufacturing sectors in developed countries,improve the quality of OFDI in business and trade,and adopt the diversified OFDI development strategies.