高校实验室火灾爆炸事故原因分析及管理对策

Cause Analysis and Administrative Measures of Fire and Explosion Accidents in University Laboratories

高校实验室事故频发,为了保证实验教学、科研的顺利开展,以2001~2016年107起高校实验室事故案例为样本进行统计分析,明确实验室主要事故类型为火灾、爆炸、中毒.应用两类危险源理论,对实验室火灾爆炸事故的原因进行分析,结果表明,导致实验室事故的固有因素主要为易燃物品,化学能及热能.触发因素的具体表现形式为违规或不慎操作,仪器设备及其防护装置的故障、缺陷.将触发因素作为高校实验室安全监管的重点,并建议针对危化品、人员、设备分别采用全寿命周期管理、教育实训及综合训练、点检管理等措施.以此,为高校预防实验室事故,完善实验室管理体系提供参考.

Taking 107 university laboratory accidents during 2001 ~ 2016 years as samples,it is very important to analyze the cause of laboratory accidents,because of the accidents happened frequently.Applying hazard theory to analyze the causes of fire and explosion accidents,the results show that concrete forms of the critical inherent factors including combustibles,chemical and heat energy,as well as trigger factors like violation and careless operation,faults and defects of instruments and their protection devices of the accidents can be found,according to statistical data.As the key points of laboratory safety supervision in universities,some countermeasures are put forward,namely life-cycle management,education and comprehensive training,spot inspection management to hazardous chemicals,personnel and equipment respectively.It provides reference for the prevention of laboratory accidents and improvement of laboratory management system in universities.